Mardi Gras Essays -- Holidays Holiday Mardi Gras New Orleans Essays

Mardi Gras This paper is about Mardi Gras, A festival or Carnivalcelebrated once a year. In this paper I will establish howMardi Gras originated, when it is celebrated, how it is celebrated, and what does it mean to all the differentcultures.Mardi Gras, in the French speaking parts of the worldand in some US southern states is the last day of genus Circusfestivities preceding Lent, the time of penitence observedby Christians in preparation for Easter. Mardi Gras (?FatTuesday?) is a French term for Shrove Tuesday, the day in advance the start of Lent. sooner Lent festivities reach theclimax on a day in February or March, depending on whatdate Easter is.(Americana pg. 308)French colonists brought Mardi Gras to America inthe early on 1700?s. It grew popular in modern siege of Orleans,atomic number 57, and spread through the southern states. MardiGras is a legal holiday in Alabama and Florida and in eightcounties of Louisiana. The New Orleans celebration is themost famous. But Bilox i, Mississippi, and Mobile,Alabama also have celebrations. (World Book pg. 197) History of Mardi Gras in New Orleans during the 18thcentury. Many wealthy Louisiana families would leave theirrural plantations to spend the winter months in NewOrleans, where they held lavish parties and masked balls.The first written reference to Mardi Gras celebrations inNew Orleans appears in a 1781 report of the Spanishgovernment, which controlled Louisiana. The reportaddressed problems that might arise from allowing slaves towear masks at the winter festivities. The United States tookcontrol of Louisiana in 1803, and the New Orleans? citycouncil banned all masked entertainment three years later.Enforcement of the law appears to have been erratic. By themid-1820s masks and costumes were again legal. The firstdocumented Mardi Gras butt on took place in 1837, and theparade soon became an annual tradition. However,outbursts of violence at the parades gave the festivities abad name.(?Mardi Gras? Micro soft Encarta Encyclopedia 99)Shrove Tuesday immediately precedes AshWednesday and is the last day before Lent. Mardi Gras hasbeen noted for the elaborate mumming parades andboisterous parties that characterize its celebration in NewOrleans, Trinidad... ...blackface (black makeup traditionally used in minstrelshows) and wear grass skirts as they distribute gold-paintedcoconuts to crowds of observers.Another important African American Carnivaltradition is the annual appearance of the Mardi GrasIndians, groups of black men who dance through the streetsin costumes divine by the traditional clothing of NativeAmericans. Each member of a Mardi Gras Indians tribecreates his own costume, usually incorporating colorfulfeathers and intricate beadwork. Most scholars believe thatthe Mardi Gras Indians tradition began in the late 19thcentury. In the past, rivalries between tribes sometimes ledto violent confrontations. Today, such conflicts have givenway to a competition among the Mardi Gras In dian tribesfor the most elaborate costume.(?Mardi Gras? Microsoft EncartaEncyclopedia 99)Mardi Gras continues to attract tourists to NewOrleans from around the world. Today Mardi Gras drawsmore than 3 million people to parades and generatesapproximately $1 cardinal for the local economy. (?Mardi Gras?Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99)

Hackers Good or Evil :: Essays Papers

Hackers Good or EvilImagine this, you atomic number 18 driving along the road and suddenly you see something spectacular. Now imagine that you are not solelyowed to deviate from your course to check it out. This is what a so-called hacker faces. Just imagine that you saw an injured person on the side of the road. In this analogy you are not allowed to friend the injured person. A hacker is not allowed to explore like everyone else in the world. A hacker is not allowed to help fix potential security holes. The term hacker can have m any meanings. The most visible to the worldly concern is the person pirating software, and breaking into corporate networks and destroying information. This is the public misconception of a hacker. Back in the Unix days, a hack was just now a quick and dirty way of doing something. Hackers in those days were basically just calculator experts. Nowadays hacker means the same thing as a cracker, a person who pirates software, and malicious hackers. The media, of course, never prints the good things hackers do. Most hackers provide a service to companies, by letting the company know about security holes, before a rival exploits it. Most hackers want nothing more than to simply learn. A hacker has an extreme thirst for knowledge, but not in the traditional subjects. Technology, and anything new interest hackers. In fact most security experts bring out but learning and hacking. The bad view of hackers is not completely false. There are hackers out there that will do there scoop up to harm any system hey can, but most want nothing more than to find the beauty in system, or network. To hackers vast networks, and the inside of a firewall that was meant to keep them out, are the most beautiful sights on Earth.In every aspect of life there are people who exploit others. Murders, robbers, or any other criminals come from every walk of life. Even hackers have some, but like the general population, it is a small percentage. Most people wou ld call the full-page Linux community hackers, because anyone who has the knowledge to run Unix must be a hacker. This show what good hackers can do. The entire Unix GNU community is run by hackers. They all contribute toward a free operating system. They all work out the bugs, and then distribute it for free. Hackers got tired of paying for an OS that did not work well.

Pearl Jam, Everclear, And No Doubt Essay -- essays research papers

Pearl Jam, Everclear, and No DoubtAlmost everyone has a favorite mass. pile buy CDs and tapes to notonly listen to the music that they like, but to support that band. There aremany, many different types of music, and usually a certain band will fit into aspecific type of music. I listen mostly to alternative/grunge music. And bycoincidence the three bands Im going to chide about are all from the west coast.I am going to talk a little bit about three of my favorite bands in thatcategory Pearl Jam, Everclear, and No Doubt.Pearl Jam is a band from Seattle. They were one of the first alternativebands to ever become popular from this area. The lead vocalist of Pearl Jam isEddie Vedder, he does the lead vocals and plays t...

Essay --

Identify and discuss factors that affect emergence and learning and the cause on the development of the individual. Specific reference ordain also be made to the physical and psychological changes and the effects of ageing on individuals, families and society.Development is the dish in which every individual goes through the process includes learning and acquiring skills, such as sitting, walking, talking and as the process continues the skills become more advanced such as tying shoe laces. in that respect are five main areas of development Cognitive, Speech and Language, Social and Emotional, Fine motor skill and Gross motor skill, (Do2learn.com, 2013). According to (Oxforddictionaries.com, 2013), Learning is the acquisition of acquaintance or skills through study, experience, or being taught. In the first half of this essay it will look at two main factors that contrast wizard another and affect development and learning, and the effects on the development of children and you ng people, whilst linking to theory. In the second half of the essay, concentration will be on ageing, focusing from early childhood to adolescence and the physical and psychological changes alongside the effects on the child, family and society.There are many factors that can affect a childs or young persons development and learning the two considered main factors are biological and social. These two factors are recognised as the spirit versus nurture debate the nature side of the debate believes that the way individuals behave and develop is a result of their genetics, whereas the nurture side believes that an individuals doings and development is shaped by external factors. Focusing on the external factors, these are the factors that are said to influ... ...otionally act more like one. At this re-create puberty takes place for both males and females, physically both bodies change in height, weight, and growth of pubic hair and the start of menstruation for females, (Tanner, 1962). There is a dependable effect on the families or parents of the adolescent child as they dont see the child as much. This is due to the adolescent child or teen beginning to strive for independence doing this by spending less time with their family and more with friendships, (Global Post, 2013). In conclusion with the essay focusing on effects of certain factors on development and learning it gave the opportunity to see how vital development is to a childs growth in all areas of development as both positives and negatives were outlined. Alongside also focusing on ageing and the importance of the physical and psychological changes that take place.

Shakespeares Sonnet 116 :: William Shakespeare

LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDSBy William ShakespeareLet me non to the marriage of true minds (Sonnet 116) by William Shakespeare is about beloved in its most ideal form. It is praising the glories of lovers who have come to each other freely, and enter into a relationship based on trust and understanding. Let me not the poem begins in the imperative mood. Its action is semantic and aims to delineate the everyowable parameters of love and its oddment appears to be air-tightness. The love I have in mind could be like a seamark or navigational guide to sailors, it is a north star. homogeneous that star, it exceeds all narrow comprehension. Its height alone is sufficient to guide us. The poems ideal is unwavering faith, and it purports to perform its own ideal. Odd then, isnt it, how much of the argument proceeds by means of negation let me not, love is not, O no, and so forth. Perhaps the poet is less confident than he appears to be. The first four lines r eveal the poets pleasure in love that is constant and strong.?Which alter when it alteration finds. The following lines proclaim that true love is indeed an ever fixed mark which will survive any crisis. In lines 7-8, the poet claims that we may be able to measure love to some degree, but this does not mean we fully understand it. Loves actual worth cannot be cognize it remains a mystery. The remaining lines of the third quatrain (9-12), reaffirm the perfect nature of love that is unshakeable throughout time and remains so even to the edge of indicate, or death. In the final couplet, the poet declares that, if he is mistaken about the constant, unmovable nature of perfect love, then he must take back all his writings on love, truth, and faith. Moreover, he adds that, if he has in fact judged love inappropriately, no man has ever really loved, in the ideal sense that the poet professes. In the sonnet, the chief pause in sense is after the twelfth line. Seventy-five per cent of the words are monosyllables. Only three contain more syllables than two, no(prenominal) belong in any degree to the vocabulary of poetic diction. There is nothing to remark about the rhyming except the happy blending of open and close vowels, and nothing to say about the harmony except to point out how the fluttering accents in the quatrains give place in the couplet to the emphatic defect of the almost unrelieved iambic feet.

Shakespeares Sonnet 116 :: William Shakespeare

LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDSBy William ShakespeareLet me not to the marriage of true minds (Sonnet 116) by William Shakespeare is more or less tell apart in its most ideal form. It is praising the glories of lovers who have come to each other freely, and enter into a relationship based on trust and understanding. Let me not the poem begins in the imperative mood. Its action is semantic and aims to delineate the allow adequate to(p) parameters of love and its goal appears to be air-tightness. The love I have in mind could be like a seamark or navigational guide to sailors, it is a north star. Like that star, it exceeds all narrow comprehension. Its superlative degree alone is sufficient to guide us. The poems ideal is unwavering faith, and it purports to perform its own ideal. Odd then, isnt it, how much of the argument proceeds by means of negation let me not, love is not, O no, and so forth. Perhaps the poet is less confident than he appears to be. The first four lines reveal the poets pleasure in love that is constant and strong.?Which alter when it fitting finds. The following lines proclaim that true love is indeed an ever fixed mark which will survive whatever crisis. In lines 7-8, the poet claims that we may be able to measure love to some degree, but this does not mean we fully understand it. Loves actual worth cannot be known it remains a mystery. The rest lines of the third quatrain (9-12), reaffirm the perfect nature of love that is unshakeable throughout time and remains so even to the edge of doom, or death. In the final exam couplet, the poet declares that, if he is mistaken about the constant, unmovable nature of perfect love, then he must take back all his writings on love, truth, and faith. Moreover, he adds that, if he has in fact judged love inappropriately, no man has ever really loved, in the ideal sense that the poet professes. In the sonnet, the chief pause in sense is after the twelfth line. Seventy-five per cent of the words are monosyllables. Only three contain more syllables than two, none belong in any degree to the vocabulary of poetic diction. There is nothing to remark about the rhyming except the happy blending of open and closed vowels, and nothing to say about the harmony except to point out how the fluttering accents in the quatrains give place in the couplet to the emphatic march of the almost unrelieved iambic feet.

Five Guys Burgers and fries: Ingredients for success Essay

IntroductionThe purpose of analyzing the success story of fiver Guys burger is to examine the milestones covered by quintuple Guys to establish the successful business in private enterprise system. The perfect business plan that flipper Guys has includes drivers of change on the system, the ethical and social responsibilities that louvre Guys developed towards its employees. Furthermore, a unique strategy of merchandising word of mouth which helped Five Guys in establishing more than railway yard outlets across the nation instead of expending millions of dollar in advertisement. Overall, this skid study helps how an entrepreneur can run business by using out of concussion and simple solution to develop success in market. Five Guys philosophy setting apart from other truehearted aliment chains By cargonful reading of the Five Guys case study, I think quality product and customer rapture is the main philosophy of the Five Guys burger. According to Jerry Murrell We need to c oncentrate on the quality of our product, and the satisfaction of the customers.Five Guys maintained its philosophy of quality product for instance freshly prepared bun, fat free meat and no corner cut fries. As mentioned in the case study The meat for the burgers 80 percent lean- is ever so fresh, never fixed and their plants so clean, you could eat off the floor. While focal point on customer satisfaction, people use to come by and eat Five Guys burger because they think the place where burger is made is very clean and tidy. Kitchen of Five Guys is always open to customer and if someone wants to see how his/her burger is being made, (s)he is more than welcome. Landlord of a franchisee admired Five Guys by saying that we consecrate Five Guys clean, friendly shopfront and quality food in neighbors (Neil Janowitz, 2007). molybdenumly, customer like waiting for Five Guys burger because of its quality food.Five Guys improved its customer satisfaction by serving peanuts to its cus tomers. Five Guys started to distribute free, unshelled peanuts to placate waiting customers. The peanuts have become a Five Guys trademark (Roger, Y, 2009). I must say that above mentioned philosophy helped Five Guys a lot in developing such successful burger food chain that it clearly making a competition to all other renowned fast food chains like McDonalds, Burger King and Wendys. Original Values of Five Guys burger and how it remains strong to daytime Two Original values which I nominate after a careful review of case study, I assume (a) quality food and (b) no advertisement. Mentioning the standard of quality food, Five Guys burgers are as fresh and juicy as they were when the first restaurant was opened in 1986.They have same freshly scorched bread every day since its opening. Similarly, potatoes are cut fresh every morning and fried in peanut oil never greasy served in Styrofoam cup. Five Guys hired the person that baked the bread/bun for their first store, and made him a partner in the firm. They ensure that every store gets fresh bread every morning. Five Guys burger had a belief that people want to know that their money is used in providing quality food. A word of mouth strategy worked really well for Five Guys Thats why Five Guys dont advertise to sell its product. Jerry Murrell says, Treat that person right, hell walk out the door and sell for you. We were pass to use our food to market our products. (Roger, Y, 2009).Three factors contributed Five Guys successThere are numbers of factors involved in contributing success to Five Guys business. I am going to mention only three of them.* Quality food* Simple menu* No advertisement.First factor plays an important role in the success. Simple menu, I think, is the key to success. Although, Five Guys tried to enhance or increase its menu by serving coffee and a chicken get up but it did non work, so they stop serving coffee and chicken sandwich. Likely, franchisees put pressure to add items, such as milkshakes but Five Guys did not accept it. Were the only burger chain that doesnt have milkshakes. But we couldnt possibly have a milkshake that comes of out of the machine Jerry says (Roger, Y, 2009). Second factor quality of food is the heart core factor that contributed to the success of Five Guys burger. Five Guys burger is better than McDonalds, says Tristano.Americans have always fallen in cognize with a better product (Burke M, 2012). Speaking about quality food that offers Five Guys includes superior quality of meat, eighty percent lean, always fresh, never frozen at all. Potatoes always come from northern Idaho, because of weather condition they grow more slowly, solid and tasty in comparison to the potatoes grown in atomic number 20 or Florida, grow faster and are cheaper used by other fast food chains. Five Guys use anything but the best. Five Guys first accost fries in water so when the fries are per fried, the water boils, forcing steam out of the fry. This forma a seal so that when they get fried a second time, the fries dont absorb any oil and so are never oily. Fries are much harder than burgers says Murrell. We work day and night on them, all the damn time. (Burke M, 2012).Five Guys menu allows the chain to focus all its energy on executing its burger perfectly (Licata, E., 2009). Five Guys burger mulish they would cook only in peanut oil, which cost five times as much as the oil, other burger restaurants were using (Lottie L., 2012). Finally, the factor is no advertisement, which I think contributed to the success of Five Guys. Five Guys burger had a belief that people want to know that their money is used in providing quality food. Thats why they dont use advertisement to sell their product. Jerry Murrell says, Treat that person right, hell walk out the door and sell for you. We were going to use our food to market our products Jerry says. (Roger, Y, 2009).Five Guys burger admits that they do things a little differently than most compa nies other fast food companies dont, they put 3% of their tax income toward marketing or advertising. Five Guys burger simply dont, they spent that money as a bonus to give their employees. All of our employees at our stores, we pay them good money. I think thats important Murrell says. Hire well-paid people and theyll stay with you. (Lottie L., 2012). Social and ethical practices of Five Guys burgerAn organization is considered to be respectable because of its social and ethical policies it implement within the organization. After a careful study, I think No Marketing or advertisement is one of the top social aspects of Five Guys. He said anybody can be successful in the restaurant business if you serve a good product, (have a) friendly and clean atmosphere and reasonable price, recalls Murrell (Lottie L., 2012). A word of mouth strategy worked really well for Five Guys. Five Guys used the strength of society in positive way and customer beggarly is increased day by day on the r ecommendation of another customer. I think second aspect of social policy of Five Guys is selling its franchises.This aspect helps middle class people to have their own small business which also helps in increasing the employment rate. More than 1700 stores reportedly been change for future development into Five Guys outlets (Datamonitor, 2010) I think ethical aspect covers how an organization is beneficial for its employee. Most of the Organizations spent a fixed percentage of its revenue on marketing but Five Guys dont do it. Five Guys spend that fixed percentage as bonus to employees. The Company has notable that it gives around $6m a year in bonuses to its employees. Murrell says its important to make employees feel a sense of ownership and accountability.Five Guys has a policy to maintain richly standard of customer service by employing mystery shoppers to regularly judge its outlets. This strategy positively appraises staff and keeps standard high. Five Guys send those sec ret shoppers twice a week to all locations, looking to catch staff delivering outstanding customer service. If they get a good score during the secret audits, they receive $1000 to divide amongst them, usually 5-6 people per crew. This is over and above the $8 or $9 an hour the crew makes, as a result crew feels apt and satisfied. ConclusionThis case study enables us to understand that business plan is very important in order to run a successful business. profession philosophy or company goal plays an important role in running the business successful. Businesses cannot flourish if higher management dont have out of box solution or strategy. In this case study we have noticed that philosophy plays an important role along with the out of the box marketing strategy i.e. No Marketing/advertisement that gives Five Guys an edge to its competitors.Reference1. Janowitz, N. (2007). Five Guys sticks to burger-and-fries formula. Shopping Centers Today, 28(7), 32-33. 2. DATAMONITOR Five Guys Case champaign. (2010). Five Guys Case Study Maintaining Growth in Fast Food with a Simple Menu & Quality Focus, 1-11. 3. Licata, E. (2009). FIVEGUYS. Nations Restaurant News, 43(18), 58. 4. Lottie L., J. (n.d). Five Guys family keeps it simple. USA Today. 07/30/2012 5. Burke, M. (2012). Five Guys Burgers Americas Fastest Growing Restaurant Chain. Forbes.Com, 26 6. Roger, Y. (n.d). Five Guys is simply successful. USA Today, 06/08/2009

Impact of Information Technology in Organizations Essay

What Is knowledge engineering (IT)? breeding engineering science is one of the very advancing and in-demand technologies of this era. Ever since this applied science has emerged, it has heavily dominated m both organizations and firms providing them with efficient way of work. Before indulging into the skill of this technology with respect to organizations, it is first measurable to get a shortened idea about what learning technology re on the wholey is. entropy technology basic entirelyy involves all the things that are related to the technology and science of computer and telecom systems. Information Technology is concerned with weakening technology into something more than fruitful.Information technology is inclusive of both rational and technological elements. On the some otherwise side, technological elements comprise of terms and conditions of reading technology that are needed for logical structure of a system (Kalam 1, 2000). In other words, it can be utter th at randomness technology includes both computer hardware and software same voice, telecom stuff, multimedia and so forth. Therefore, nurture technology is useful for inserting, extracting or touch information (Kalam 1, 2000). It must be clear to all that information technology is not just limited to computer oriented areas, but withal helperful in de subdivisionments of telecommunication, micro graphics, various firms and other support services.Internet technology is alike termed as the information revolution at many instances and as Information and Communications Technology at other instances. Information technology counterbalances life easier for everyday places especially large organizations and places like libraries and is very helpful in managing all types of information in form of data foundation garments. Since information technology relies heavily on computers, many firms and educational institutes call their computer departments as IT departments. a great deal(p renominal) department is also called Information Services (IS) or Management Information Services (MIS) in several organizations (Jidaw, 2008).Most of the advanced Information Technology Department involves the usage of computers, servers, database way systems, and cryptography. The people needed in such departments are System Administrators, Database Administrators, and Technology Manager and these people are supposed to send all reports to Chief Information Officer (CIO). Since many companies arereally concerned about the guarantor and privacy of the information within them, the scope of job inside Information Technology organization is very high and the data security and server experts get highly paid for their jobs (Schneider, 2008).Impact of Information Technology in the SocietyWith respect to on-going theories and justifications about the modern changes in the world, it has been justified that this era of humans is in the middle of a third big revolution. Early revolution included innovations and strides in agriculture, mechanization, and industrialization. The third one and the recent one is the Information Revolution. The development in the technology of information and communication has been taking place for nearly hundred age and the growth is still at its pace. It is amazing how easily one piece of information can be transferred from one corner of the world to another in just a blink of an eye. People can exchange all kinds of information to people all over the world or just to a specific group of people. In this ever changing and modernized society, information technology plays a significant part in many aspects.This approach has proposed clear backing offers and advancements in many organizations. Information technology supplies the organizations with firm communication deals that are helpful for the firms to develop the business at a worldwide take aim very easily. In order to organize a long chain of distributors, dealers, and purchasers , all the organizations have set up global information systems. These global information systems help in hold offing a track of placed orders, delivered products, and payments made all over the world. All the credit goes to the advancement in internet technology which has made all these things possible and made them easy to handle. The setup of basic information is made in such a way that at the net stage, there are servers comprising of one operating system. Software like database and web serving are usually installed on these servers, making them interconnected with each other and to the users through the help of a network infrastructure. The users who have access to these servers are facilitated with their personal hardware, operating systems, and software tools (Alexandrou).Basic Elements of Information TechnologyBefore jumping in the depth of theimpact of information technology in organizations, it will be handy to learn about the basic elements of information technology so t hat it will make it easy to comprehend this technology. As it was already mentioned that information technology can be described as such kind of technology which is needed to develop information into something more fruitful. Specifically it can be deduced that employing computer and its software to convert, save, progress, send, and extract information is what information technology is all about. The following technologies are the important technologies generated from information technology1- Computer Hardware TechnologiesSuch technologies comprise of personal computers, powerful servers that are maintained by devices that sends, retrieves, and saves information.2- Telecommunication and Network TechnologiesTechnologies linked with networking and telecommunication enhance the level of communication between organizations as they comprise of telecommunications media and related software that is both wired and wireless and are helpful for Internet and other networks.3- Computer Software TechnologiesSuch technologies comprise of all kinds of software and web browsers useful in educational institutes and business organizations.4- Data Resource Management TechnologiesSuch kind of technologies involve all the things needed to maintain a database for a company or institute (Kawatra 25, 2000).Impact of Information Technology on versatile InstitutionsWhen the term institution comes, it does not point out to one specific workplace or anything of that sort, instead all the organizations, companies, firms, and schools can be categorized nether the word institution. Organizations are divided according to their role and management policies. This portion will now briefly talk about how information technology has change these institutions in helping them gain success.1- GovernmentsGovernment itself comprises of various branches andinstitutions, and each of the institution of government has a particular area to deal with. With the advancements in information technology, all t he government institutes have also developed a lot to and have provided the citizens with better services. no(prenominal) just this, but also, this advancement has heavily improved the security abilities of government by helping them design better and improved weapons and tools for the war and for military and army people (Kawatra 27, 2000). B2 Bomber is one such example of a plane which came into beingness solely due to the advancement in information technology and modern computer methods. along with this, government can also keep sensitive information about anything in a safe environment, without the fear of it getting extracted by unauthorized people.2- Commercial BusinessesCommercial businesses play a snappy role in todays time and so, without any doubt, it can be said that the innovations and strides made have affected such businesses too. The extremely alert part played by information technology in such businesses is to supply benefits to the world of commercials. These be nefits are achieved by the commercial businesses by the help of the impudently progressed software like application software and operating systems (Kumar 104, 2000). Since television is the most entertaining and quick form of showing things all over the world at the same time, commercial businesses have taken the full advantage from this.3- News & Media OrganizationsAll the work done by news & media organizations is relied totally on computers and therefore this shows how information technology has put an impact on them. Every task performed by information technology is also needed by news and media organizations, like saving information, sending it out to people, creating information and so forth (Ritendra 42, 2005). Hence, it can be seen how important the information technology is for such organizations.4- nurtureal OrganizationsAlong with providing benefits and advantages to business-oriented organizations, information technology has even influenced the educational organization s. The advancements in information technology has made it very easy for the students as well as the faculty members to pretty much search anything on the Internet, exchange any personalinformation via emails and share any knowledgeable things on forums and groups (Meadowcroft, 2000).Impact of Information Technology on undergraduate EducationEvery industrialized nation has government bodies which try to integrate and coordinate the level of technological progress which aids in the foundation and establishment of educational institutes. Along with having a qualified faculty, it is significant to have information technology as part of the undergraduate education systems. Having information or computer department does not mean that it should only be available to the people of that area instead students should be involved too by doing presentations, and working on other such things.Faculty members and undergraduate students can use computer facilities to take the full advantage of this t echnology on their finger tips. This technology has increased the ease of gaining information and decreased the hassle of worrying about the time it would have taken to seek information otherwise (Williams). The following impacts have been put by those tools1) These tools help students in copying, presenting, researching and understanding the real-life oriented scientific complications which helps in building the examining capability in students.2) Information technology helps in building the teamwork and learning capabilities among the students and helps them to solve matters and problems by searching and discussing with each other.3) As information technology is advancing day by day, this is also bringing rapid changes in the formation and distribution of educational tools.4) The proper and frequent use of information technology can help in providing an efficient educational system.5) Information technology also helps the students of one part of the world to interact with the stud ents in other parts of the world (Williams, 1996).Impact of Information Systems & Technology on OrganizationsIt will be doubtless to say that nowadays, volume of the organizations, whetherprivate or government, rely a lot on information systems. Thus, it can be said that information technology has become truly entangled with all sorts of businesses. Organizations, like telecommunications or finance, involve efficient usage of information technology in order for them to exist successfully.Ever since the concept of e-commerce has started, this technology plays a vital and significant role in carrying out any business. Organizations are not only employing information technology to improve old ways of business deals, but are also employing it to discover fresh and innovative chances in order to gain success. Though employing old methods and approaches will not do any harm, but they will not lead to a lot of success in the future and will just maintain a stable return for the organiza tions. For instance, there are several banks and insurance companies that still rely on such systems which were introduced nearly 30 years ago (Bharadwaj 169, 2000).ConclusionIn the end, it can be cogitate that the advancements and progresses in information technology in firms and organizations have undoubtedly brought a noticeable revolution. Information technology has led to ideas and notions that not only improve solely one organization, but also increases competition among various organizations to do something better and efficient. Every organization wants to be the best one and therefore, for that purpose it always keeps on looking for advancements and ways to employ them in order to turn itself into a superior and flourishing one. As pressure is building inside organizations and improvements are being made in technologies, all the organizations are making efforts to utilize these technologies and gain success and prosperity from them.There is no doubt that as things are dece nt advanced, they are providing easier and quicker way of performing tasks while giving better results every time. Obvious improvements can be seen in all areas of businesses due to the invocation spread by the information technology. New approaches and techniques are followed and implemented by all business organizations and training is being given to people of different firms for the pastime of making them experts. The story does not end here, there are yet more advancement expected in information technology and as more tools and technologies will be developed, people will be able to succeed more and the competition will increase.Informationtechnology is a good base for those interested in computers to have their career in this field, as this field will not only give a start to their careers but it also promises success and progresses in the upcoming years. Educational institutes teach information technology as a separate subject in schools, which shows the importance of this te chnology and the role it plays in everyday life. It can be deduced that information technology is a necessity of daily life and is a food for prosperity.References1-Jidaw Systems Limited, 2008, What is Information Technology?, http//www.jidaw.com/itsolutions/whatisit.html2-Laura Schneider, 2008, Information Technology Definition and History, Tech Careers Guide, 3-Alexandrou, M. (n.d.), Definition of information technology, 4-Goel (Ritendra), 2005, Fundamentals of information technology, Lucknow Paragon.5-Kawatra, P. S., (2000), Textbook of information sciences, New Delhi A.P.H. Pub.6-Abdul Kalam, A. P. J,2001, February 3-9, Knowledge society, Employment News7-Meadowcroft, B, 2001, The impact of information technology on work and society, from 8-Kumar, K., Singh, S. P, 2000, From information society to knowledge society, Journal of Library and Information Science, 25(2), 104-111.9-Luther S. Williams, 1996, Information Technology Its Impact on Undergraduate Education in Science, Mat hematics, Engineering, and Technology, Report on an NSF Workshop, National Science Foundation.10-A. Bharadwaj, A resource-based perspective on information technology and firm performance An empirical investigation, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2000, 169-196.

Evidence Based Practice In Nursing

INTRODUCTIONRe search studies be conducting all every value the world, passim the year . Research is conducted to improve the vivacious coiffes. If the study findings ar implemented to practice only , the study is effective. Evidences getting from the study which are utilized into practice draw ins the profession more fruitful, bright and effective. nigh nurse questi hotshotrs want their findings to contri only ife to breast feeding practice and in that respect is outgrowth interest among nurses in basing their practice on solid inquiry ca pulmonary tuberculosis enquiry UTILIZATION IN NURSING The terms look for practice session and evidence ground practice are practise synonymously.Although there is overlap amongst these deuce concepts they are in fact explicit. Research Utilization is A growth of use findings from conducting search to guide practice (Titler, Mentes, Rake, Abbott, and Baumler, 1999). The wait on by which scientifically produced noesis is tra nsferred to practice (Brown, 1999) DIFFERENCES Nurses should not confuse EBP Evidence Based Practice with look into utilization. While investigate utilization overlaps with some of the same philosophic threadworks of EBP, EBP goes beyond near the rigorous scientific look into steps.Research Utilization touchs to the canvass and look back of scientific search, and thus the application of the findings to clinical practice. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) represents a broader concept. When clinicians use the EBP approach, they go beyond the expertise of clinicians and questioners, and share the patients preferences and values to guide patient alimony. THE RESEARCH UTILIZATION CONTINUM The start point of seek utilization is the emergence of tonic association and reinvigorated ideas. Research is conducted and over time noesis on forward-looking topic accumulates.In turn knowledge works its way to use to varying degrees and different rates. Theorists who have studied the p henomenon of knowledge victimisation and diffusion of ideas typically recognize a continuum in terms of the itemity of the use to which investigate findings are put At whiz rarity of the continuum are discrete , clearly identifiable attempts to base specific actions on question findings. . This type of utilization has been referred to as instrumental utilization. Research findings idler be used in a more diffuse manner. In a way that promote cumulative cognizance, understanding or enlightment.Caplan and Rich 1975 refer to this as the end of the utilization continuum as conceptual utilization. Conceptual utilization then refers to situations in which users are influvanced in their thinking close to an issue based on their knowledge of studies but do not put this knowledge to every specific , documentable use. The middle(a) ground of this continuum involves the partial impact of enquiry findings on nursing activities. This middle ground is the burden of a slow evolutionary process that does not reflect a conscious termination to use an groundbreaking procedure but or else reflects what Weiss termed knowledge creep and ratiocination accretion. knowledge creep refers to an evolving percolation of investigate ideas and findings. Decision accretion refers to the manner in which nervous impulse for a decision builds over time based on accumulated information gained through in titular discussions , readings , meetings and so on. Increasingly now a days nurses are qualification conscious decisions to use research in their clinical practice and the EBP movement has headd to this falsify. Estrabooks 1999 studied research utilization and found evidence to support three distinct types of research utilization.Indirect research utilization involving deepens in nurses thinking and whence analogous to conceptual utilization. Direct research utilization involving the direct use of findings in with child(p) patient share and therefore analogous to instrum ental utilization. Persuasive utilization involving the utilization of of findings to persuade typically those in decision reservation positions to discombobulate modifications in policies or practices relevant to nursing care.These varying ways of thinking active research utilization clearly suggest that both(prenominal) quantitative and qualitative research stinker play key roles in guiding and improving nursing practice The research utilization process Rogers diffusion of purpose theory Rogers theory is one of the some accepted theories that has developed patterns of how knowledge gets disseminated and used. It has influvanced several research utilization realises in the nursing comm edifice blocky. Rogers postulate that knowledge diffusion is an evolutionary process by which an groundwork is communicated over time to members of a social system.The key elements in this process, all of which influence the rate and extent of innovation, adoption include the following, 1 . The innovation is a new idea, practice or procedure that if adopted will result in changes the nature of innovation strongly affects the decision nigh adoption. 2. chat convey are the media through which information ab break through the innovation is transmitted and can include both mass media or individual face to face communication. Communication is intimately effective when there are shared believes , values and expectations on the part of the sender and receiver of information.3.Time is component of theory in that the process of knowledge diffusion occurs over time. there are varying amounts of time that elapse between the creation of knowledge and its dissemination and between knowledge awareness and the decision to use or reject the innovation 4. The social system is the set of interrelated units that solve the problems and seek to accomplish a vernacular destination. dissemination occurs within the social system that vary in their norms and receptivity to innovation s Rogers Characterized the innovation adoption process as having five stages knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation and confirmation.During the knowledge stage individuals or groups render aware of the innovation and during the persuasion stage they form appositive attitude towards it. In the decision stage , a choice is made about whether to adopt or reject the innovation. The innovation is actually put into use during the implementation stage. Finally the effectiveness of the innovation is evaluated during the confirmation stage, and decisions get made about continuation or discontinuation of the innovation. Recent research on utilization has challenged the linear nature of the process Evidence-based practice.During the 1980s, the term evidence-based medicine emerged to describe the approach that uses scientific evidence to determine the better(p) practice. Later, the term shifted to become evidence-based practice as clinicians former(a) than physicians recognized the enormousness of scientific evidence in clinical decision- qualification. variant definitions of evidence-based practice (EBP) have emerged in the literature, but the most commonly used definition is, the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients (Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Hayes, & Richardson, 1996).Subsequently, experts began to talk about evidence-based wellness care as a process by which research evidence is used in making decisions about a specific population or group of patients. Evidence-based practice and evidence-based healthcare assume that evidence is used in the context of a finical patients preferences and desires, the clinical situation, and the expertise of the clinician. They also expect that healthcare professionals can read, critique, and synthesize research findings and correspond existing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Definitions of research utilization, qualit y melioration, and nursing research Evidence-based practice is not research utilization, quality good, or nursing research, although it may be related to each of these processes. For example, quality gain devices may be evidence-based, and the findings may contribute to other(a) EBP or research initiatives. Also, an evidence-based practice project can lead to a research study or quality improvement initiative. What is research utilization? For decades, nurses have used operational research to guide nursing practice and their exploits to improve patient outcomes.This process pertain unfavorable analysis and military rating of research findings and then determining how they fit into clinical practice. Incorporating pertinent research findings into clinical practice (and evaluating the changes effectiveness), helps close the gap between research and practice. More recently, research utilization efforts in nursing have been replaced by evidence-based practice, What is quality or performance improvement? Quality, clinical, or performance improvement focuses on systems, processes, and functional, clinical, satisfaction, and cost outcomes.Typically, quality improvement efforts are not designed to develop nursing practice standards or nursing science, but they may contribute to understanding best practices or the processes of care in which nurses are actively involved. A commonly accepted view is that quality improvement activities in healthcare are not intended to generate scientific knowledge but rather to serve as focus tools to improve the processes and outcomes within a specific healthcare presidential term or setting.More recently, experts have focused on improving care by examining and working within clinical Microsystems or the specific places where patients, families, and care squads meet (Nelson, et al. , 2002). To improve and maintain quality, safety, and efficiency, clinical aggroups must(prenominal)iness blend analysis, change, and measur ement into their efforts to redesign care within these clinical Microsystems. Quality improvement initiatives generally take aim clinical problems or issues, examine clinical processes, and use specific indicators to help evaluate clinical performance.Data are suck ined and analyzed to help understand both the process and the related outcomes. The findings help contribute to efforts to achieve and maintain continuous improvement through ongoing monitoring and improvement activities. Quality improvement projects vs. research projects Many have asked whether quality improvement projects are the same as research projectsthey are not. In clinical practice, these efforts may seem similar in that, for example, both may seek adjudicates to clinical problems and use similar data collection and analysis methods.However, factors that may differ include participant or message recruitment, the studys methods, and how the results are used. For example, in most quality improvement activities, the participants generally are the patients within a specific clinical micro system. In research efforts, the investigator recruits human subjects victimization approaches that will experience a representative sample of the population. In umteen improvement activities, the intervention may change as it is evaluated, whereas in a research study the treatment or intervention remains the same.Furthermore, in most quality improvement initiatives, the healthcare team is trying to solve a problem in a particular setting instead of trying to generalize the results of the study to other settings and populations. Although it might be helpful to learn about the activities and feel of other improvement teams, their findings may not apply to or be appropriate in other settings or patient populations. The intent of research, thus far, is to develop new knowledge that can be generalized to other similar populations and clinical settings.Despite the differences between research and quality im provement projects, however, one must consider the protection of human subjects in both. To ensure that you adequately protect the rights of patients or subjects, constantly ask an Institutional Review get on with (IRB) to look back the research proposal or quality improvement project before implementing the study and beginning data collection. Also note that, whether the effort is research or quality improvement, one goal may be to disseminate the results of the project in a published paper or oral report.For any dissemination project, address adequate human subject protection and adherence with the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) guidelines before beginning the improvement project or research study. Individuals involved in either quality improvement or research projects should seek advice from their organizations IRB, privacy officer, and risk management department to ensure that data are managed in a manner consistent with any pertinent fe deral or state regulations and organizational policies and procedures..Multidisciplinary effort Within clinical settings, many such opportunities exist for both nursing and multidisciplinary improvement efforts. Improvement activities for nursing can be as simple as reducing time in giving verbal report or improving compliance with documentation requirements. Multidisciplinary collaborative efforts may address complex health issues, such as the care of acute myocardial infarction patients or individuals with community-acquired pneumonia.These initiatives are becoming more fundamental in acute care hospitals as the national focus on public reporting increases. Such efforts help consumers compare the quality of care that various hospitals allow for. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) various organizations that represent hospitals, doctors, and employers accrediting organizations other federal agencies and the public have combined efforts to develop Hospital Compare a nd, thus, have made key clinical outcome measures available to the public.In this way, the public can monitor performance indicators to related common medical conditions and certain evidence-based interventions that are consistent with achieving the best patient outcomes. Collaboration within multidisciplinary teams creates opportunities to address clinical problems and issues using various perspectives and expertise. Nurses play key roles in such efforts and often benefit from the synergy that can be realized by working with others interested in or concerned about the problem.The group can work together while measuring their progress against pre-determined objectives What is nursing research? Nursing research involves opinionated inquiry specifically designed to develop, refine, and extend nursing knowledge. As part of a clinical and professional discipline, nurses have a unique body of knowledge that addresses nursing practice, administration, and education. Nurse researchers ex amine problems of specific concern to nurses and the patients, families, and communities they serve. Nursing research methods may be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed (i.e. , triangulated) In quantitative studies, researchers use objective, quantifiable data (such as blood pressure or pulse rate) or use a survey instrument to measure knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or experiences Qualitative researchers use methods such as interviews or narrative analyses to help understand a particular phenomenon Triangulated approaches use both quantitative and qualitative methods Regardless of the method they use, researchers must adhere to certain approaches to ensure both the quality and the accuracy of the data and related analyses.The intent of each approach is to answer questions and develop knowledge using the scientific method. Examples of nursing research projects Examples of nursing research projects include the following Randomized clinical trial examining best practice for orthoped ic-pin site care ability of examination gloves for simple dressing changes Reliability of methods used to determine nasogastric tube placement The effects of relaxation and guided imagery on preoperative anguish Quality of life in patients with chronic pain The relationship of a preoperative teaching program for joint replacement surgery and patient outcomes The scientific method involves collecting observable, measurable, and verifiable data in a prescribed manner so as to describe, explain, or predict outcomes. For example, one might collect data to describe the effects of massage on blood pressure, explain decreased needs for sedation, or predict lower levels of anxiety. Research methods demand that the sedate data remain objective and not be influenced by the researchers hypotheses, beliefs, or values.In the massage example, the researcher could easily bias the results by administering the massages or collecting the data. Using certain approaches to subject recruitment, p erforming faulty data collection, and not controlling for other confounding variables also can bias research findings. Therefore, when developing a study proposal, the researcher must develop a plan that minimizes these risks and supports the development of reliable information and results. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE EBP begins with search for information about how best to solve the specific problems.Findings from rigorous research are considered the best possible source of information but EBP also draws on other sources. A basic feature of EBP is that it deemphasizes decision making based on custom, opinion of the authority, or ritual. Rather the emphasis is on identifying the best available research evidence and integrating it with clinical expertise, patient input and existing resources. EBP movement has both supporters and critics. Supporters say that EBP offers a solution to sustaining high health care quality or in our cost constrained environment.Their position is that a rationa l approach is needed for providing best possible care to most people, with most cost effective use of resources. Critics worry that the advantages of EBP are exaggerated and that individual clinical judgments and patient inputs are creation devalued. TYPE OF EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE HIERARCHIES Positions about what constitutes useful evidence have loosened, but there have been efforts to develop evidence hierarchies that rank studies according to the strength of evidence they bid.The most accepted hierarchy is given below 1. Meta analysis of controlled studies 2. Individual experimental studies 3. Quasi experimental studies eg time series, non equalant control group or matched case control studies 4. Non experimental studies eg co relational studies , descriptive and qualitative studies 5. Programme evaluations, research utilization studies, quality improvement projects, case reports 6. Opinions of respected authorities and expert committeesThe nine alternative sources include work bench marking data, hail effectiveness analysis, Pathophysiologic data, Retrospective or concurrent chart review, Quality improvement and risk data, international, national , and local standards, institutional data dispassionate for infection control purposes, patient preferences and clinical expertise EBP implications for nurses Nurses serve instrumental roles in ensuring and providing evidence-based practice. They must continually ask the questions, What is the evidence for this intervention? or How do we provide best practice? and Are these the highest achievable outcomes for the patient, family, and nurse? Nurses are also well positioned to work with other members of the healthcare team to identify clinical problems and use existing evidence to improve practice. Numerous opportunities exist for nurses to question current nursing practices and use evidence to make care more effective. Nurses throughout the country also have been involved in multidisciplinary efforts to reduce the number and severity of falls and pressure ulcers/injuries. Such projects can help save gold and improve care processes and outcomes.By implementing existing evidence-based guidelines related to falls and pressure ulcers/injuries, care has improved, and the number and severity of negative outcomes have decreased. Importance of evidence-based practice Evidence-based practice helps nurses provide high-quality patient care based on research and knowledge rather than because this is the way we have always done it, or based on traditions, myths, hunches, advice of colleagues, or outdated textbooks. Why is EBP authorized to nursing practice? It results in better patient outcomes It contributes to the science of nursing It keeps practice current and relevant It increases confidence in decision-making Policies and procedures are current and include the latest research Integration of EBP into nursing practice is essential for high-quality patient care often, nurses feel that they a re using evidence to guide practice, but their sources of evidence are not research-based In a study conducted by Thompson, et al. , (2003), nurses reported that the most helpful knowledge source was experience or advice from colleagues or patients. Of concern were reports that up-to-date electronic resources that included evidence-based materials were not useful to nurses in clinical practice.This barrier contributes to significant gaps in clinicians applying research findings to practice and dissemination of innovations. The failure to use evidence results in care that is of lower quality, less effective, and more expensive (Berwick, 2003). Evidence-based practice can be easier for nurses to use if they refer to already-developed evidence based or clinical practice guidelines. Numerous expert groups have already undertaken systematic efforts to develop guidelines to help both healthcare providers and patients make informed decisions about care interventions.Guideline developers us e a systematic approach to critique the existing research, rate the strength of the evidence, and establish practice guidelines. The overall goal of these types of efforts focuses on guiding practice and minimizing the variability in care MODELS FOR EVIDENCE BASED NURSING PRACTICE During the 1980,s and 1990s a number of different models of research utilization were developed. These models offered guidelines for designing and implementing a utilization project in a practice setting. The most prominent of these models were the Stetler model and The Iowa model.These two models were updated to incorporate the EBP process rather than research utilistion alone. THE STETLER MODEL The Stetler model of research utilization was designed with the assumption that research utilization could be undertaken not only by organizations , but by individual clinicians and managers. It was a model designed to promote and facilitate critical thinking about the application of research findings in practice. The updated and refined model is based on many of the same assumptions and strategies as the original but provides an enhanced approach to the overall application of research in the service setting.The current model involves five sequential phases 1. Preparation - in this phase the nurse defines the underlying process, purpose and outcome of the project search, sort, and select sources of research evidence consider the immaterial factors that can influence potential application and internal factors that can diminish the objectivity and affirm the priority of the perceived problem. 2. Validation - This phase involves a utilization focused critique of each source of evidence focusing in particular on whether it is sufficiently sound for potential application in practice.The process stops at this point if the evidence sources are rejected. 3. Comprehensive evaluation and decision making - this phase involves the synthesis of findings and the application of four criteria that , taken together are used to determine the desirability and feasibility of applying findings from validated sources to nursing practice. These criteria include Fit for setting- Similarity of characteristics of samples to your client population. Similarity of studys environment to the one which you work feasibilityPotential risk for implementation to patients, staff and organization Readiness for change among those who would be involved in a change in practice Resources requirements and availability Current practice Congruency of the study with theoretical basis for current practice behaviour Substantiating evidence Availability of confirming evidences from other studies Availability of confirming evidences from Meta analysis or integrative review The end result of comprehensive evaluation is to make a decision about using the study findings. If the decision is a rejection, no further steps are necessary4.Translation/ Application- this phase involves activities to Confirm how the findings will be used officially or informally Spell out the operational details of application and implement them. It involves the development of a guideline, detailed procedure, or plan of action, possibly including plans for formal organizational charge. 5. Evaluation- in this final phase the application is evaluated. Informal use of the innovation versus formal use would lead to different evaluative strategies.Although the Stetler instance originally was designed as a tool for individual practitioners, it has also been the basis forformal research utilization and EBP projects by group nurses. THE IOWA MODEL Efforts to use research evidence to improve nursing practice are often addressed by groups of nurses interested in the same practice issue. Formal EBP projects typically have followed systematic procedures using one of several models that have been followed systematic procedures using one of the several models that have been developed, such as The Iowa Model of the research in pract ice. The model was renamed as Iowa Model of Evidence Based Practice to Promote Quality Care.The current version of the Iowa Model acknowledges that a formal EBP project begins with a trigger- an impetus to explore possible changes to practice. The start point can be either a knowledge focused trigger that that emerges from awareness of innovative research findings and thus follows a more traditional research utilization path, or a problem focused trigger that has its roots in a clinical or organizational problem and thus follows a path that more closely resembles ad EBP path. The model outlines a series of activities with three critical decision points. 1.Deciding whether the problem is a sufficient priority for the organization exploring the possible changes if yes a team is formed to proceed with the project if no a new trigger will be sought. 2. Deciding whether there is a sufficient research base if yes , the innovation is piloted in the practice setting if no , the team would either search for other sources of evidence or conduct its own research. 3. Deciding whether the change is appropriate for adoption in practice if yes a change would be instituted and monitored if no the team would continue to evaluate quality of care and search for new knowledge.The 5 steps of EBN 1. SELECT A report OR PROBLEM The first step is to select a topic. Ideas come from different sources but are categorized in two worlds Problem-focused triggers and Knowledge focused triggers. When selecting a topic, nurses should formulate questions that are likely to gain support from people within the organization. An interdisciplinary medical team should work together to come up with an agreement about the topic selection. The priority of the topic should be considered as well as the severity of the problem.Nurses should consider whether the topic would apply to many or few clinical areas. Also, the availability of solid evidence should be considered because providing proof of the research will increase staffs willingness to implement into nursing practice. Problem & Knowledge pore Triggers Problem focused triggers are identified by health care staff through quality improvement, risk surveillance, benchmarking data, financial data, or recurrent clinical problems. Problem focused triggers could be clinical problems, or risk management issues.Knowledge focused triggers are created when health care staff read research, listen to research conferences or encounter EBP guidelines published by federal agencies or organizations. Knowledge based triggers could be new research findings that further enhance nursing, or new practice guidelines. It is important that individuals work closely together to reach the optimum outcome for the chosen topic. Some things that would ensure collaboration are working in groups to review performance improvement data, brainstorming about ideas, and achieving consensus about the final selection.With both types of triggers, it is importa nt to ensure that there is a general consensus about the importance of the problem and the need for improving practice. The method of selecting a topic does not turn out to have any bearing on the success of an EBP project. What is important however is that the nursing staff who will implement an innovation are involved in topic selection and that key stake holders are on board. 2 . FORM A TEAM TO ASSEMBLE AND EVALUATE EVIDENCE Some might become overwhelmed when they first learn about EBP and apply it for reasons other than improvement of patient care.Forming a team increases the chance of EBP being adopted. A team becomes paramount in implementation, and evaluation of the EBP. It is important to have representatives of the team from authority members of the organization and also grassroots members. It is also important to consider interdisciplinary involvement to decrease rejection, and for all to have an understanding of the project. All these individuals have a heavy(p) impact on the possibility of successful implementation.Other factors to put into consideration include power figures in the organization that may directly or indirectly misdirect the efforts if they are not consulted, and fully included in EBP implementation. The EBP team should have explanations that clearly define the types of patients, setting, outcomes, interventions and exposures. This should be in simplified language that is comprehensible to a lay person. The role of the practitioners is remarkable in any meaningful gains, they are therefore inevitable and their role becomes pivotal.The approach they adopt and their ability to educate the co-workers, answer their questions, and clarify any misconceptions greatly improves the outcomes. In doing a literature reviews background for a new study, a central goal is to discover where the gaps are and how best to advance knowledge. For EBP projects which typically have as end products, prescriptive practice protocols or guidelines, litera ture reviews are typically much more formalized. The emphasis is on amassing comprehensive information on the topic, weighing pieces of evidence and integrating information to draw conclusions about the state of knowledge.Commentators have noted that integrative reviews have become the cornerstone of EBP. If an integrative view already exists it is wise to make sure that it is as up-to-date as possible and that new findings published after the review are taken into account. Moreover, even a published integrative review needs to be critiqued and the validity of its conclusions assessed 3. ASSESSING THE IMPLEMENTATION POTENTIAL One of the most contend issues in using EBP in the clinical setting is learning how to adequately frame a clinical question so that an appropriate literature review can be performed.When forming a clinical question the following should be included the disorder or disease of the patient, the intervention or finding being reviewed, possibly a comparison interven tion, and the outcome An acronym used to remember this is called the PICO model P = who is the Patient Population? I = what is the potential Intervention or area of Interest? C = is there a Comparison intervention or Control group? O = what is the desired Outcome? Once the topic is selected, the research relevant to the topic must be reviewed, in addition to other relevant literature.It is important that clinical studies, (including meta-analyses, metasyntheses and meta-aggregation) and well-known and reliable existing EBP guidelines are entrance moneyed in the literature retrieval process. With the internet at ones fingertips, a plethora of research is just a few clicks away. However, just because you found it in a respectable journal does not signify high quality research. When reviewing any article for evidence retrieval read it very closely. Articles can appear to be precise and factual on the surface but with further and much closer examination, flaws can be found.The article can be absurd with opinionated and/or biased statements that would clearly taint the findings, thus lowering the creditability and quality of the article. Use of rating systems to determine the quality of the research is crucial to the development of EBP. There are several rating systems available online. Time management is crucial to information retrieval. Nurses making their way through the vast amount of research available may find it helpful to read research articles or critical reviews instead of clinical journals.To maintain high standards for EBP implementation, education in research review is necessary to distinguish good research from poorly conducted research. Equally important is that the materials being reviewed, consider if they are current. To assess the implementation potential of an innovation in a particular setting several issues should be considered particularly the transferability of the innovation, the feasibility of implementing it, and its cost benefit ratio Transferability - The main issue with envision to transferability is that whether it makes good sense to implement an innovation in the new practice setting.If there is some aspect of the practice setting that is fundamentally incongruent with the innovation in terms of its philosophy, types of client served, personal, financial or administrative structure, then it might make little sense to try to adapt the innovation Feasibility - Assessing the feasibility concerns address various practical concerns about the availability of staff resources, the organizational climate, the need for and availability of external resources and assistance and the potential for clinical evaluation.An important issue here is that whether the nurse will have control over the innovation. When the nurse do not have full control over the new procedure, it is important to recognize the interdependent nature of the project and to proceed as early as possible to establish the necessary co operative arrangemen ts. Cost benefit ratio- It is an important aspect of EBP project innovation. The cost benefit assessment should encompass likely cost and benefits to various groups including clients, staff and the overall organization.Clearly the most important factor is the client. A cost benefit assessment should consider the opposite side of the coin as well that is the cost and benefits of not instituting an innovation. backing of the implementation potential is an innovation is highly recommended. Committing ideas to writing is useful because it can resolve ambiguities, serve as a problem solving tool if there are barriers to implementation , and be used to persuade others of the value of the project. 4.APPLY THE EVIDENCE/IMPLEMENTING AND EVALUATING THE INNOVATION After determining the internal and external validity of the study, a decision is arrived at whether the information gathered does apply to your initial question. Its important to address questions related to diagnosis, therapy, harm , and prognosis. The information gathered should be interpreted according to many criteria and should always be shared with other nurses and/or fellow researcher. Building on the Iowa model, this phase of project likely would involve the following activities Developing an evaluation planCollecting baseline data pertaining to those outcomes, to develop a counterfactual against which the outcomes of the innovation would be assessed. Developing a written EBP guideline based on the synthesis of evidence, sooner a guideline that is clear and user friendly, and that uses such devises as flow charts and decision trees. Training relevant staff in the use of the new guideline and if necessary marketing the innovation to users so that it is given in a fair test.Trying the guideline out on one or more unit or with a sample of clients Evaluating the pilot project in terms of both processes and outcomes. 5. DISSEMINATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE PROJECT It is the final optional step but it is the o ne which is highly advisable. It is done so that the results of the project can be disseminated to other participating staff members. How to Critique a Research Article The critiquing process is the building block and foundation for the multiple steps that are to follow in the successful implementation of EBP.This is so because you must first ensure that the material and research that you are trying to convince others to accept is reliable and accurate. By taking the time to thoroughly critique a study you can point out both the strengths and weaknesses of the findings and weigh them accordingly. Successful completion of this vital step will help weed out the material needinessing the needed proof of effectiveness, therefore minimizing useless, or even harmful, implementation of new practices in the healthcare field.Once the literature is located, it is helpful to classify the articles as either conceptual (theory and clinical articles) or observational (systematic research reviews ). Before reading and critiquing the research, it is useful to read theoretical and clinical articles to have a broad view of the nature of the topic and related concepts, and to then review existing EBP guidelines Critiquing criteria are the standards, evaluation guides, or questions used to judge (critique) an article.In analyzing a research report, the reader must evaluate each step of the research process and ask questions about whether each step of the process meets the criteria. Remember when you are doing a critique, you are pointing out strengths, as well as the weaknesses. To critique an article you must have some knowledge on the subject matter. There is no replacement for reading the article many times. The reader must search the article for contradictions, illogical statements, and faulty reasoning.It is important to evaluate every section of the research article. Each section has different criteria to meet, in order to be considered a well-written addition to the articl e. What are the barriers to implementing evidence-based practice? The barriers that prevent nurses from using research in everyday practice have been cited in numerous studies, and some common findings have emerged Nurses often report the following Lack of value for research in practice Difficulty in ever-changing practice Lack of administrative support Lack of knowledgeable mentors Insufficient time to conduct research Lack of education about the research process Lack of awareness about research or evidence-based practice Research reports/articles not readily available Difficulty accessing research reports and articles No time on the job to read research Complexity of research reports Lack of knowledge about EBP and critique of articles Feeling overwhelmed by the processDespite these barriers, nurses are engaging in EBP and making a difference in patient outcomes. Furthermore, barriers can be overcome through organizational efforts focused on integrating research in prac tice and using strategies such as journal clubs, nursing grand rounds, and having research articles available for review The use of evidence based practice depends a great deal on the nursing students proficiency at understanding and critiquing the research articles and the associated literature that will be presented to them in the clinical setting.According to, Blythe Royal, author of Promoting Research Utilization in nursing The image of the Individual, Organization, and Environment, a large amount of the preparation requirements of nursing students consists of creating care plans for patients, covering in depth processes of pathophysiology, and retaining the complex information of pharmacology. These are indeed very important for the future of patient care, but their knowledge must consist of more when they begin to practice.Evidence based nursing in an attempt to facilitate the management of the growing literature and technology accessible to healthcare providers that can pote ntially improve patient care and their outcomes. Nancy Dickenson-Hazard states, Nurses have the capacity to serve as caregivers and change agents in creating and implementing community and population-focused health systems. There is also a need to overcome the barriers to encourage the use of research by new graduates in an attempt to ensure familiarity with the process.This will help nurses to feel more confident and be more willing to engage in evidence based nursing. A survey that was open by the Honour Society of Nursing and completed by registered nurses proved that 69% have only a low to moderate knowledge of EBP and half(prenominal) of those that responded did not feel sure of the steps in the process. Many responded, Lack of time during their shift is the primary challenge to researching and applying EBP. There is always and will always be a desire to improve the care of our patients.The ever increasing cost of healthcare and the need for more accuracy in the field prove s a cycle in need of evidence based healthcare. The necessity to overcome the current issues is to gain knowledge from a variety of literature not just the basics. There is a definite need for nurses, and all practitioners, to have an open mind when dealing with the modern inventions of the future because these could potentially improve the health of patients. There are many barriers to promoting evidence based practice.The first of which would be the practitioners ability to critically appraise research. This includes having a considerable amount of research evaluation skills, access to journals, and clinic/hospital support to spend time on EBN. Time, workload pressures, and competing priorities can impede research and development. The causes of these barriers include nurses and other professional practitioners lack of knowledge of research methods, lack of support from professional colleagues and organizations, and lack of confidence and authority in the research arena.another(pre nominal) barrier is that the practice environment can be resistant to changing tried and true conventional methods of practice. This can be caused because of reluctance to believe results of research study over safe, traditional practices, cost of adopting new practices, or gaining momentum to rewrite existing protocols It is important to show nurses who may be resistant to changes in nursing practice the benefits that nurses, their patients, and their institutions can reap from the implementation of evidence-based nursing practice, which is to provide better nursing care.Values, resources and evidence are the three factors that influence decision-making with regard to health care. All registered nurses and health care professionals should be taught to read and critically interpret research and know where to find articles which relate to their field of care. In addition, nurses need to be more aware of how to assess the information and determine its applicability to their practice. Another barrier to implementing EBN into practice is lack of continuing education programs.Practices do not have the means to provide workshops to teach new skills due to lack of funding, staff, and time therefore, the research may be tossed dismissed. If this occurs, valuable treatments may never be utilized in patient care. Not only will the patients comport but the staff will not have the opportunity to learn a new skill. Also, the practitioners may not be willing to implement change regardless of the benefits to patient care. Another barrier to introducing newly learned methods for improving treatments or patients health is the fear of stepping on ones toes.New nurses might feel it is not their place to suggest or even tell a superior nurse that newer, more efficient methods and/or practices are available. The perceived threat to clinical freedom offered by evidence-based practice is neither logical nor surprising. Resistance to change and to authority is part of human nature. When we make decisions based upon good quality information we are inconsistent and biased. Human nature offers many challenges to evidence-based practice. Can we do a better job of promoting evidence-based practice?And even if we find and use the evidence, will we make consistent unbiased decisions? Even if clinicians do act consistently it is possible that their decisions are consistently biased. People put different values on gains and losses. shutting Nursing is truly an art and a science. EBP not only provides elements of each aspect, but also contributes to the professions overall development. As a result EBP improves everyday practice in by providing empirical data to guide the nursing interventions. Use of research in EBP provides opportunity for research utilisation by all in the field of profession.

Project Report Cow Dairy

Area Con viewred 27500 Sft. backcloth of wee-wee Civil and Interior Work 1 Dismantling of existing steming 2 Brick work 3 Providing and laying brick w cutly(a)(a) with plaster entire with public address system punning and including flexible emulsion paint 4 Vitrified layering in 2nd storey entrance lobby and 1st floor passage, waiting area, reception area and cafeteria. 5 Vitrified roofing tile flooring in toilet and vitrified tile provide in toilet and larder. 6 Fire alarm systems with sprinklers. 7 Kota in store manner. 8 Raised floor in Electrical agency, UPS and innkeeper room 9 Granite toilet foresee 10 Dry pantry counter in cafeteria. 11 100mm & 75mm cryptic full height partitioning end with plastic emulsion paint 12 skillful height cross billet partition in primary(pre noneinal) entrance lobby, conference room & meeting room. 13 Gypsum roof & acoustic chapiter 14 accesss 12mm toughned scratch with oz unmatched own big(a)ware a nd 38mm laminate finish flush inletway with ozone fittings. 15 Built in furniture Full height storage do out of technical flow with 1mm deep laminated shut, overhead storage made of mercantile break away with laminate finish. 16 Loose article of furniture Reception plank with corian whirligig and laminate on inside with pedestal building block. 17 16 seaters and 10 seaters meeting room table with laminate finish. 18 Security table Electrical work Design, fabrication,supply and inst anyation of main LT panel poster, capacitor control panel, out of working distribution carte du jour, power distribution board, UPS distribution board, power cabling, control cabling, outfit in conduits, lilghting with lighting fixtures and appliances. Cabling, telephone cabling, Floor trunking and cable tray. HVAC Ductable 50 tones split AC with grills and defusers and duct insulations with electrical cabling. Carpet Rest of the floor will be carpet flooring . Blinds Blinds in external windows Signage Signages in toilet. Meeting room, bam fighting staircase etc. Network Cabling 2 data and 2 parting point in severally work postal service and 4 data and 4 voice point in each conference and meeting room. UPS ask capacity of UPS battery with racks. AV Equipment-liquid crystal display/Projecter, Polycom Phones LCD in conference room and cafeteria, polycom phone in conference room. Furniture 65 Linear work station in laminate finish. all Chairs (Except work station chair and meeting room chairs )in cafeteria and couch for reception. Office Equipments Office Equipments 230 Ltrs Refrigerators, door mate and stain dustbin. Required Scope of operate 1. Design Services- Interior purport of office fit out covering space planning , interior layout , furniture fixtures , false ceiling(with lower limit modifications possible), partition , carpentry etc. Prepare and present final instauration devel opment plans and details, locating dimensions and describing in details the interiors , mechanical , electrical ,IT, AV and lighting solution. 2. Fit -out Management- Project Management of the fit-out workings including submission of design to playscripting over of facility . 3.MEP Consultant - Design of either services wish UPS , Electrical , HVAC , IT Network , Security system & AV equipment . 4. Fit out work - Providing , Supplying & Installation of Civil interiors , Electrical , HVAC , Modular furnitures , Chairs (excluding workstation and meeting room chairs) , Carpet , Blinds , AV equipment , UPS , IT networks , Signages/Graphics & Office equipmentas per approved design. for spaces including (but not limited to) Workstation Area, Reception Area, Server Room, UPS Room, Meeting Rooms,Cafeteria, Dry Pantry, sooner Rooms, Reprographics cum stationary Area, Store Room, Electrical Room etc. Please refer the attached scope of works (specifications and Proposed Plan) forfurther d etails. S. No. spec CIVIL & internal A CIVIL & WET WORKS A-1 DISMANTLING 1 DISMANTLING OF FLOORING - Dismantling of existing flooring and skirting including removing rootage in cementum howitzer of any depth etc. and disposal of unserviceable material to the closest dumping ground. 2 DISMANTLING OF BRICK WORK - Dismantling of brick border of all thick(p)ness in cement mortar, including glazed tiles, cement plaster and disposal of unserviceable material as tell. 3 DISMANTLING OF RCC - Dismantling of RCC work in lintel, beams, counters, slabs etc. including cutting of reinforcement steel and disposal of unserviceable material as directed to municipal dumping ground. 4 DISMANTLING OF DOOR FRAMES & close - Dismantling of existing door adjoins and shutters and stacking of serviceable material and disposal of unserviceable material to nearest municipal dumping ground.. 5 MAKING CUT turn up IN SLAB/Wall - Making cutout in slab upto to surface of 0. 5 sqm inclu ding cutting reinforcement and making keen all opening for other allied works as directed. A-2 MASONRY AND PLASTER 1 CLOSING OF CUT OUTS - Closing of cut out in cement concrete and fastening of premature ventricular contraction sleeves as directed. 2 REPAIRING OF FLOORING- Repairing of existing flooring of approximate width 150- 300mm taken as average and 50mm deep in cement concrete 124(1cement 2 coarse sand 4 graded stone aggregate) compound and destroyed with cement mortar plaster 14 (1cement4 coarse sand) etc. sub as directed by the Architect. (for race way) 3 HALF BRICK bulwark - Providing and laying half brick partition circumvent with well burnt good quality of first class designation 75 in cement mortar 14(1cement 4 coarse sand) including providing 2 Nos of 6mm dia MS round exclude at every IV th course, including scaffolding, curing rubbing the surface, racking out joints etc. omplete as directed and specified for walls, at all floor and levels, including 12 to 15mm thick cement plaster in 142(1cement4 fine sand 2 coarse sand) 4 230MM heavy BRICK mole - Providing and laying 230mm thick brick wall with well burnt good quality , class designation 75 in cement mortar I4 (1cement4 coarse and) including, scaffolding, curing, rubbing the surface, racking out the joints etc. managed as directed and specified for walls, at all floor and levels. 5 cement PLASTER - Providing and laying 12to 15mm thick cement plaster of mix 142( 1cement4 fine sand 2 coarse sand) to all subject of RCC work in line , level and plumb including smooth cement finish as directed including providing unavoidable bands, drip moulds groove and wiremesh at all junction of walls and ceiling including racking the joints or roughening the RCC surfaces, required curing scaffolding etc. fire as directed and specified. 6 REINFORCED CEMENT concrete - Reinforced cement concrete work with M-20 grade reinforced cement concrete in lintels, be ams counter, shelves including the comprise of centering and shuttering finishing and reinforcement at all height & levels 7 CEMENT CONCRETE UNDER FLOOR - Providing and laying cement concrete under floor etc. at all levels including the cost of centering, shuttering , finishing etc. complete * 148(1cement 4 coarse sand 8 graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal size) 8 POP Punning (6mm-12mm) Providing and locating Average 6mm to 12mm thick POP Punning over cement plaster in line & plumb finished smooth to start paint. 9 POP Punning (25mm-30mm) Providing and fixing Average 25mm to 30mm thick POP Punning over cement plaster in line & plumb finished smooth to receive paint. 10 WATERPROOFING WORKS - Providing and applying peeing proofing treatment to toilets, pantries and other wet areas base and walls with four come ups of Tapecrete or approved equivalent mixed with white cement in semblance 12( 1tapecete 2 white cement) including mixing silica sand in second coat in proportion 121. 5(1tapecrete 2white cement 1. 5 silica sand) and sealing all junction corners and concrete subsequently first coat with epoxy mortar as per approved specifications of specialist agency. 11 Providing and laying on sunken areas light weight concrete of approximately 600 kg per cum density set(p), consolidated, cured, finished, smooth, including finishing and grouting with water proof cement mortar and as per specification. 12 Providing and applying Ardex HydrEpoxy -300 (Damp proofing Membrane) in two coats on walls, floors as per Ardex directions & specification and as per Architects acclaim. (Server/UPS room) A-3 PAVING AND WALL CLADDING 1 VITRIFIED TILE FLOORING (white colour) - Providing and laying reverberate polished 592x592mm vitrified floor tiles of Euro make laid over adequate oppressiveness of cement mortar 14(1cement4carse sand) using chemical grouting aquamix/ laticrete grout 5mm, plastic spacers Tile adhesive unitile make.The r ate shall be inclusive of necessary preparation, clean, protection with POP etc. complete (BR of tile to be taken as Rs 80/sft) 5 VITRIFIED TILE DADO (white colour) - Providing and laying mirror polished 600x600mm vitrified tile dado at Toilet and Pantry of Euro make laid over adequate thickness of cement mortar 14(1cement4carse sand) using chemical grouting aquamix/ laticrete grout 5mm, plastic spacers Tile adhesive unitile make. The rate shall be inclusive of necessary preparation, cleaning, protection with POP etc. omplete (BR Rs 80/sft) 6 WALL TILES - Providing and fixing 200x200mm ceramic tiles of Kajaria make fill in as approved by the Architect with balendura grouting, plastic spacer, tile adhesive , chemical grout of balendura or equivalent laid over 12mm thick cement mortar 14(1cement4 coarse sand) including cutting of tile in proper shape and size all complete as per design and lottery. (B. R 35Rs/Sft) 7 ANTI STATIC VINYL FLOORING - Providing and l aying 2mm thk 600600 tile PVC antistatic vinyl flooring of approved shade and quality with adhesive, as per manufacturers recommendation and specification etc. complete Cost of leveling as required to be included in the quoted rate. (LG floors or approved equivalent) (BR 145/Sft) 8 RAISED FLOOR - The entire access floor system shall be made from steel cementitious infill and provide for adequate fire properties, acoustic breastwork and air leakage resistance. The system shall be able to withstand a UDL of 1200kg. Per sqmt. And a point load of 360 kg. The pedestal shall withstand Axial Load of 2200kg. ornamentS -Panels shall be made from steel. The hind end of the panel shall be embossed in hemispherical shape to give strength and flexural rigidity. The top sheet shall be plain and kind welded at divers(a) locations after the top and ass sheets have been degreased and phostated to form a single composit unit.The entire panel shall be quoted with epoxy coatin g on the exposed surface and then the hollow panel shall have an infill of light weight cementitious material, panel shall remain flatcar through and stable unmoved(p) by humidity or fluctuation in temp through out its normal working life. Panel shall provide for impact resistance top surfaces minimal deflection, corrosion resistance properties and shall not be combustible or aid surface spread of flame, panels shall be insulated against heat and noise transfer. Panels shall provide qualities of concrete slabs, panels shall be of size 600x600mm and 30 37mm thick fully interchangeable with each other within the range of a specified lay out. Panels shall be renounce standing onto the structure. nucleotide Pedestals installed to support the panel shall be suitable to achieve a specified floor height from the existing floor level and shall be placed 600mm distance in both(prenominal) directions to form a grid of 600x600mm. Pedestal design shall confirm speedy assembly and removal for relocation and maintenance. Pedestal base shall be permanently secured to position on the sub floor mostly by effective glue of mechanical fastening for more than 600mm finished floor height. Pedestal assembly shall provide for easy adjustment of levelling and accurately align panels to ensure lateral restrain. or prevention of corrosion pedestals are every powder coat or zinc electro domiciled as required. Pedestal shall support an axial load of 2200kg. without permanent deformation and an ultimate load of 3500kg. The pedestal flat head then shall receive the panel which shall be fastened by screws to the pedestal head to form a rigid grid. (UNITILE/CANI-MICROTAC) * 300 mm advanced with exalted abrasion anti- static HPL in size 600x600mm. 9 TOILET COUNTER -P/F 450MM deep clear granite counters Toilets, rate shall be incl. of 20mm thk granite 200mm deep 20mm thk granite battlefront fascia 75mm thk. 24 RCC counter slab duly cured cutti ng & creating holes in slab & stone bull nosing in stone Include necessary preparations, cleaning & protection w/ polythene & POP as required all as per design & Architects approvals. (B. R. 160 per sft) 10 PANTRY COUNTER -(2400X2100mm) Providing and fixing pantry counter 350/700 deep over head and under storage with granite top and 200 high back splash, 600X600mm vitrified tile cladding,over head and base foot voluteer made of laminated shutter of 20mm BWP board . All internal surfaces to have balancing laminate.The rate inclusive of necessary tightware,140 HIGH D shaped Hetitch adhesive friction autograph no 011869 lock sets, self closing hinges, spring loaded shutter, latch inside, all locker computer hardware to beHETTITCH or equivalent complete as per Architects approval. (BR to be taken as Rs 160/sft) 11 PERIMETER GLAZING CILL/LEDGE -Providing and laying , laminated cill/ ledge comprising of 1mm thick laminate over 19mm thick commercial board with 3 212 beechwood woodland lipping and clear transparant silicon sealant at junction with wall and furnish. all complete as per design and drawing. * 150 all-embracing with moulding at window level. 12 STEPS IN SERVER & HUB ROOM- Providing and fixing in position steps in server room made of hard wood frame work of 7575 section laid to receive 19mm thick commercial ply to be screwed to the hard wood frame work complete as directed. B. DRY WORKS B-1 PARTITIONS AND WALL CLADDING 1 FULL HEIGHT GYPSUM PARTITION (100MM THICK) - Providing and fixing 100mm thick gypsum board partition comprising of 48mm proprietary vertical studs , Two layer of 12. mm thick gypboard on both sides of 48mm GI studd as per manufacturers specification (India Gypsum make) including 50mm, (24 kg/cum) thick glass wool insulation of UP Twiga make grade specified by the Architect from raw floor to the bottom of ceiling ( consider to be inclusive of GI corner beads, hard wood scantlin g and other GI accessories finished with proprietary topcoat) (including plastic emulsion paint) 2 Item very(prenominal) as above of 100mm thick gypsum partition but with hard wood framing instead of G. I proprietary origin/ stud. 3 Item homogeneous as above of 100mm thick gypsum partition but above false ceiling. 4 PROVIDING ADDITIONAL LAYER OF- a Extra for providing single layer of MDF board in place of single layer of gypsum board) b Extra for over and above of Item 1 for providing additional layer of 8mm+4mm thick MDF board screwed/ nailed on one side of partition. c Extra for over and above of Item 1 for providing & fixing additional layer of 12mm thick BWP ply screwed/ nailed on one side of the partition d Extra for over and above of Item 1 for providing additional layer of 12mm thick bison board screwed/ nailed on one side of the partition e Extra for over and above of Item 1 for providing and fixing 1mm thick laminate paste over 4mm thick MDF board ove r 8mm MDF board glued/ nailed with the existing partition. f Extra for over and above of Item 1 for providing 4mm thick veneer duly melamine fixed over 8mm thick MDF board glued/ nailed with the existing partition. g Extra for over and above of Item 1 for providing excess layer of gypsum board nailed / screwed with the existing partition. (without paint) 5 75MM THICK GYPSUM PARTITION -Item same as above of 1 but with two layer of 12. mm thick gypboard on one side only of studd all as per manufacturers specification (India Gypsum make) (Rate shall be inclusive of GI corner beads, hard wood scantling and other GI accessories finished with proprietary topcoat ready to receive paint. ) & closing of opening made for duct and other piping work etc. (including plastic emulsion paint) 6 DUCO PAINTED panel (62MM THICK)-Extra over 100mm thick partition for providing and fixing MDF panelling fixed over 8mm + 4mm thick MDF board including metallic duco paint of (Belco shade ) as approved by the architect, including all hardware, V groove etc. complete as per architects approval. 7 132 THICK FIRE LINE tabular array PARTITION-Providing and fixing 132 mm thick fire line partition two layers of 15mm thick fire line board on both side of 70mm studs as per manufacturers specification (India Gypsum make) including Vapour bulwark and mineral fibre wool insulation from raw floor to bottom of ceiling. Complete as per manufacturers specification. 8 110 THICK FIRE LINE BOARD PARTITION-Providing and fixing 110 mm thick fire line partition two layers of 15mm thick fire line board on both side of 48mm studs as per manufacturers specification (India Gypsum make) including Vapour barrier and mineral fibre wool insulation from raw floor to bottom of ceiling. Complete as per manufacturers specification. 9 woodlandEN SKIRTING- Providing and fixing 12mm thick and 50mm high beech wood skirting flushed to wall/gypsum partition with wooden plugs including all necessary nails, screws melamine polishing on exposed surfaces, fire retardant paint etc. complete as per design and drawing. 10 VENEER PANELLING- Providing and fixing veneer panelling made of hard wood framing fixed with one layer 12mm thick MDF board & 8mm thick MDF board fixed/ pasted with 4mm thick veneer of approved shade in batten form including making 10mm liberal groove filled with metalic laminate of Ventura make all hardware melamine polishing etc. complete as per architects approval. 11 VENEER PANELLING- Providing and fixing veneer panelling made of 8mm+ 4thick MDF board fixed over hard wood framing pasted with 4mm thick veneer including making 4X4mm groove, all hardware melamine polishing etc. complete as per NSN/architects approval. 12 WALL TRACTS framework PANELLING- Providing and fixing fabric panelling over hard wood framing and MDF base and pinnable cellotex board to be installed as per design and drawing including wall tracts channels, and 35mm wide laminated band at top andbottom complete as per manufacturers specification. BR of fabric to be taken as Rs 500/rmt) 13 FABRIC PANELLING- Providing and fixing fabric panelling over hard wood framing fixed with fabric wrapped over 12mm cellotex board with 3mm cushion reenforcement including all hardware, fireretardant paint etc complete as per design and drawing. (Basic rate of fabric to be taken as RS. 500/ meter) 14 PROJECTED MDF POSTER PANEL- Providing and fixing projected MDF panel pasted with laminate of approved shade to receive the digitally printed graphic vinyl poster. 15 3M FILM OVER GLASS step to the fore-Providing and fixing 3M scotchcal 3650-114 printed with 3M over laminate 8952 with 5 yrs MCS warranty (By 3M India) over glass surface complete as per approval of the Architect. (only film surface area shall be metrical and paid) 16 3M FROSTED FILM (CRYSTAL QUALITY)- Providing and fixing 3M scotchcal 7725/324 over glass surface with 15 yrs MCS warranty (By 3M India) as approval of the Architect. (only film surface area shall be measured and paid) 17 3M GRAPHIC FILM OVER MDF/GLASS SURFACE-Providing and fixing 3M controltech comply with 3M over laminate digitally printed with 5 yrs MCS warranty (By 3M India) as approval of the Architect. (only film surface area shall be measured and paid) 18 GLASS PANELING - 6mm thick SaintGobain Lacquered glass fixed/pasted to BWP ply/MDF base complete as per design and drawing. (only glass surface area shall be measured and paid) 19 GLASS PANELING - 6mm thick SaintGobain Lacquered glass fixed/pasted to BWP ply/MDF base with hard wood framing and SS surround complete as per design and drawing. 20 WALL PAPER-Providing and fixing wall paper (Vinyl wall covering) of VESCOM, Orient quality (Code 146. 2)distributed by Wall Tracts on POP/ Gypboard surfaces with suitable addhesive as per manufacturers specification. (BR 140 sft) 21 EDGE PROTECTION PROFILE-Providing and fixi ng 2525 wide GI edge protection profile of India Gypsum make at all the corners of the wall/column as per Architects approval. 22 HARD WOOD FRAMING- Providing and fixing 50mmx50mm hard wood framing in partition as vertical and horizontal supports for overhead storages, white boards, art works LCD imbues etc. including fire retardant paint etc. omplete as per direction of the Architect. 23 DUCO PAINTED JAMB-Providing and fixing 20X125mm thick Duco multicolor jamb fixed to the hard wood framing and commercial ply with 4mm thick MDF board etc. complete as per approval. 24 SS CORNER EDGE PROTECTOR- Providing and fixing 5050 SS angle edge protector with and wooden steps all accessories as per approval of the Architect. 25 CORIAN COUNTER- Fabricating, supplying and placing in position corian counter 550 wide made of corain cladded over commercial board with facia supported with 80 dia SS legs of HETITCH make height adjustable Code No. 46064 covered with commercial ply a nd laminate at bottom as per approval of the Architects. (BR of Corian to be taken as Rs 750/sft) (at Cafeteria) 26 Aluminium Glazed partition having 10 mm tempered glass. branch of Aluminium shall be as per manufacturer specification. Make Alloy / To be Proposed by Designer/ vender basis Acoustics and overall esthetical quality 27 Aluminium glazed partition with 6mm+6mm laminated glass with vinyle in between two glassess . section of Aluminium shall be as per manufacturer specification. Make Alloy / To be Proposed by Designer/Vendor basis Acoustics and overall Aesthetic quality Notes- * 1)All beech wood and veneer to be seasoned and melamine polished to shade as / architects approval * 2) All stainless steel cladding work to be provided and fixed by Architect approved specialist * 3) All hardwood to be seasoned and varicolored with anti-termite and fire retardant paints. * 4) All partition to be erected from floor to the bottom of the ceiling (Ceiling ht. + 3900), filled with sound insulated material, as specified & directed by the architect. * 5) All partition to be extended upto existing window mullions, when it comes in contact with the existing window and to be airtight closed all widow edges to have 4 mm groove with silicon fill. * 6) All openings for the cutouts for ducting/raceways/cables etc. in the partitions to be closed & made air tight. * 7) The rate shall be inclusive of GI corner beads, hard wood scantling and other GI accessories finished with proprietary topcoat ready to receive paint and providing minimum 70b sound barrier. * 8) All materials shall be as per manufacturers specification (India Gypsum make) and insulation material shall be as manufacturers specification (UP Twiga make) * 9)Contractor to procure credentials from manufacturer of sound insulativeness of partition. * 10) Rate to include for fixing of hard wood framing below false floor level as required. * 11) Rate to be inclusive of GI corner protector angle of India Gypsum make. B-2 CEILING & FLOORING 1 GYPBOARD CEILING - Providing and fixing suspended false ceiling, which includes providing and fixing GI mete channels of size 0. 55mm thick having one flange of 20mm and another flange of 30mm and a web of 27mm along with perimeter of ceiling, screw fixed to brick wall/partition with the help of nylon sleeves and screws at 610mm centers. The suspending GI mediate channel of size 45mm, 0. mm thick with two flanges of 15mm each from the soffit at 1220mm centers with ceiling angle of width 25mmx 10mmx 0. 55mm thick fixed to soffit with GI cleat and steel expansion fastene. Ceiling section of 0. 55mm thickness having knurled web of 51. 5mm and two flanges of 26mm each with lips of 10. 5mm are then fixed to the intermediate channel with the help of connecting clips and in direction perpendicular to the intermediate channel at 457mm centers. 12. 5mm tapered edge Gypboard (Conforming to IS- 2095-198 2) is then screwed fixed to ceiling section with 25mm run dry wall screw at 230mm centers. Screw fixing is done mechanically. Finally the boards are to be jointed and finished so as to have a flush look which includes filling as finishing the tapered and square edge of the boards with joining compound, paper tape and two coats of primer suitable for Gypboard (as equivalent) extra frame work for electrical fittings, A/C diffusers, and/or any other cutout, trap doors, wooden shadow battens (hollock wood black enamel painted-25x40mm) at wall peripheries and ends, 12mm thick MDF board for pelmet etc. complete including opening to be made for AC grills, light fittings, trap doors etc. (The quoted ate shall be inclusive of suspenders at all heights) ( The rate to be quoted including plastic emulsion paint) * For horizontal & vertical surfaces 2 DOUBLE SIDE COVE LIGHT- Providing and making forked sided cove light in gypboard including lastic emulsion paint. 3 SIN GLE SIDE COVE LIGHT-Providing and making single side cove light in gypboard including plastic emulsion paint. 4 ACOUSTIC CEILING TILE (WHITE) - Providing and fixing of Armstrong Acoustical Ceiling system with Dune Max Microlook edge Tiles with SILHOUTTE grid and shadow angle of size 600x1600x18mm laid on 24mm hot dipped galvanized steel suspension system.The tile should have thickness of 18mm and humidity resistance of 95% RH, average NRC 0. 7, sound attenuation of 20db, light reflectance 84%. Thermal conductivity k= 0. 036 w/mk, colour white , fire performance 0/class I (BS-476) Installation to comprise main runner spaced at 1200mm maximum centres. The last hanger at the end of each main runner should not be greater than 450mm from the adjacent wall. abrade fitting 1200mm long cross tees to be interlocked between main runner at 600mm centres to form 1200x600mm module. Perimeter trim to be Armstrong wall angle of size 19x19x3000mm, secured to wall at 450mm maximu m centres. 5 TRAP DOOR- Providing and fixing trap door in false ceiling made of Novapan prelaminated board , breathless locks, lipping all more or less including all hardware, hinges etc. complete as per design and drawing. 6 CEILING PELMETS-Providing and fixing 19mm thick B. W. P pelmets with hard wood lipping and fixied to ceiling with hard wood framing complete including painting. (as indicated in the drawing) to take vertical blinds. 7 MOTORISATION SCREEN PELMET AT CEILING- Providing and fixing motorization screen pelmet of size 150mm x150mm with hard wood and commercial board with edge lipping etc complete. 8 BACK PAINTED PLY-Providing and fixing black painted 6mm thick commercial ply over hard wood framing above pelmet as per Architects approval. 9 PROVIDING AND FIXING - 6mm th. commercial ply indorse on mineral fiber modular false ceiling tiles to support light fitting, speakers, CCTV cameras, diffuser of grid work size with necessary cut outs for the sa me. 10 AC GRILL PROTECTOR- Providing and fixing 150mm wide, 4mm thick black painted commercial ply behind AC grill to avoid visibility of the services above the false ceiling as per Architects instruction. B-3 DOORS * All door frames to be braced from raw floor slab upto soffit of ceiling slab. All rates to include infallible hard wood frame work to be provided below finish floor/false floor and finished ceiling of supporting glazing section and floor springs. * All 4mm thick veneer should be as per Architects approval & duly polished. * All door fame to be seasoned best quality steam beech wood or duco painted as per specification and Architects approval. * Flush door made out of boiling water proof kiln seasoned, styles, rails for minimum thickness 45mm & treated with preservatives as per IS2002 * All flush doors shutter lipping to be 1245 melamine polished white beech wood or duco painted as per specification and Architects approval. * All wood to be trea ted with anti-termite and fireretardant paint. * Contractor to prepare hear of all door frames, shutters and glazing type for Architects approval. * Contractor to submit sample board for all hardware for Architects approval. * All seasoned white beech wood & veneer to be duly melamine polished as per Architects approval. * All laminate to be 1mm thick as approved by the Architects * Contractor shall provide all necessary protection of glass until handover. * All glass doors/windows to be 12/10mm thick clear float tempered glass with mirror polished edges. As per specification * Cost to include 3M frost film (Crystal Quality) * Joints between glazing in door/ windows to have silicon sealants. * Glass in spell fitting door/windows to be 12mm thick with clear float tempered glass with mirror polished edges. * Wherever shown powder coated extruded aluminium transfer grill size would be as per drawing or as mentioned in the boq. 2 ED2 (1000X2100) ,12mm thick single leaf tempered glass door .The rate should be inclusive of all hardware , OZONE make door like 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling attach door stopper, etc complete as per design and drawing. (Ent door) 3 G1 (12670X2100) Door/fixed glazing 12mm thick tempered glass fixed with SS U channel at floor and inside the ceiling, The rate should be inclusive of all hardware OZONE patch fitting, top patch OPF-2, bottom patch OPF-3, OZONE make door handgrip 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling mount door stopper all complete as per design and drawing. 4 G2 (7800X2100) Door/fixed glazing 12mm thick tempered glass fixed with SS U channel at floor and inside the ceiling, The rate should be inclusive of all hardware OZONE patch fitting, top patch OPF-2, bottom patch OPF-3, OZONE make door cross 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling mounted door stopper all comple te as per design and drawing. ( touchdown cafe ) 5 G3 (6530X2100) Door/fixed glazing 12mm thick tempered glass fixed with SS U channel at floor and inside the ceiling and 4 nos 50X200 mm duco painted wooden mullions as/app, The rate should be inclusive of all hardware OZONE patch fitting, top patch OPF-2, bottom patch OPF-3, OZONE make door handle 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling mounted door stopper all complete as per design and drawing. Touchdown cafe ) 6 G4 (3300X2100) Door/fixed glazing 12mm thick tempered glass fixed with SS U channel at floor and inside the ceiling, The rate should be inclusive of all hardware OZONE patch fitting, top patch OPF-2, bottom patch OPF-3, OZONE make door handle 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling mounted door stopper all complete as per design and drawing. (Meeting room) 7 G5 (2230X2100) Door/fixed glazing 12mm thick tempered glass fixed with SS U channel at floor and inside the ceiling, The rate should be inclusive of all hardware OZONE patch fitting, top patch OPF-2, bottom patch OPF-3, OZONE make door handle 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling mounted door stopper all complete as per design and drawing. Meeting room) 8 G6 (3000X2100) Fixed glazing,12mm thick tempered glass fixed with Jeb Aerofoil/aero span member fixed with SS U channel at floor and inside the ceiling, The rate should be inclusive of all hardware OZONE patch fitting, top patch OPF-2, bottom patch OPF-3, OZONE make door handle 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling mounted door stopper all complete as per design and drawing. (Collaboration) 9 D1 (900X2100) ,38mm thick single leaf laminated flush door . The rate should be inclusive of all hardware , OZONE make door handle 251200 H shape 304 grade , floor spring FS9400, patch lock OPL-1 , ceiling mounted door stopp er, etc complete as per design and drawing. Pantry,store, Quite room) 10 D2 (1200X2100) case-by-case leaf with vision panel (300300) with wired glass, access controlled door of non metallic 50mm thick asbestos free composite fire & smoke watch out shutter comprising of two non combustible boards 12mm thick sandwitching 20mm thick fire resistant filler of 2 hour fire rating resistance rating support to BS 476 part-22 IS 3614 suitable for upgrade on duco painted wooden frame of size 50X125 mm both side laminated, 2 hr. fire rated vision glass panel with heat activated intumescent fire seal strip of size 12x4mm fixed on all three sides except bottom and frame shutter to be mounted with SS fire rated hinges with necessary screws and one coat of anti termite fire resistant primer. Rate shall be inclusive of all hardware OZONE make door handle 425 long OGH-55, OZONE door closer NSK 980 with track arm and hold open function with SS cover, hinges, all complete as per design and drawing. Server room) 11 (1800X2650) Double leaf Door comprising of 10mm thick hard-boiled glass with Aluminium frame of Alloy / To be Proposed by Designer/Vendor basis Acoustics and overall Aesthetic quality having stainless steel handle 1200mm long 32 mm dia. Complete as per detail 12 (1200X2650) Single leaf Door comprising of 10mm thick sturdy glass with Aluminium frame of Alloy / To be Proposed by Designer/Vendor basis Acoustics and overall Aesthetic quality having stainless steel handle 1200mm long 32 mm dia.Complete as per detail 13 (1000X2600) Single leaf Door comprising of 10mm thick toughened glass with Aluminium frame of Alloy / To be Proposed by Designer/Vendor basis Acoustics and overall Aesthetic quality having stainless steel handle 1200mm long 32 mm dia. Complete as per detail 14 (900X2600) Single leaf Door comprising of 10mm thick toughened glass with Aluminium frame of Alloy / To be Proposed by Designer/Vendor basis Acoustics and ov erall Aesthetic quality having stainless steel handle 1200mm long 32 mm dia. Complete as per detail C. BUILT IN FURNITURE 1 FULL HEIGHT depot- Providing & fixing Storage footlockers made out of 19mm commercial board with 1 mm thick laminated shutter in facia and balancing laminate all inside adjustable laminated shelves,50X12mm veneered finish band alaround, 20mm laminated groove, 50mm high laminated skirting. Rate should be inclusive of necessary Hardware- 140high D shaped Hetitch handle ordinance no. 011869, Lock sets, self-closing hinges, spring loaded shutter latch inside, all cabinet hardware to be HETITCH make & as/Architects approval. 2 ELECTRICAL D. B. CUPBOARD- Providing & fixing cupboard for D. B. panel cabinets comprising shutters constructed from 20mm thick. comm. board finished in 1mm thick. laminate. and balancing laminate inside, form constructed from 19 mm thick.Bison Board all inside, 1250 wooden band alaround, with 20mm groove, Provide 15030 0 powder-coated aluminum louvered grills on each shutter, requisite cutouts for ventilation above and servicing trap door below. Rate should be inclusive of necessary Hardware- 140high D shaped Hetitch handle code no 011869, Lock sets, self-closing hinges, spring loaded shutter latch inside complete as per Architects approval. 3 Fax Printer Counter SIZE( 3490X2100) - unit to include base cabinet, overhead cabinets, pinup boards in fabric and 12mm thick tempered glass cladding pasted with 3M digitally printed graphic film fixed with SS studs.Base cabinet to have wire dump channel with disinfect & OH cabinet to have lighting pelmet as shown Constructed from best quality water proof board / plywood. Top to be manufactured out of 25mm thk HPL post formed MDF board. and 200 high laminated finish band. All over head shutters to have laminate outside and counter-laminated inside, partitions and shelves to be finished with 1mm thk. laminate on all sides, BR of fabric t o be RS 500/- per Rm. The rate shall be inclusive of all hardware- 140 HIGH D shaped Hetitch handle code no 011869, self-closing hinges, spring loaded shutter latch inside,, complete as per architects approval. 4 VENDING COUNTER SIZE (2915X2100) - Providing and fixing break out hawking counter includes under counter storage , vending counter made of 40mm thick corian top over BWP,200 high corian back splash,base cabinet made of laminated shutter of 19mm thick BWP with shelves and partitions in balancing laminate, with 6mm thick saint gobain glass cladding above back splash and 100mm high laminated skirting. The rate shall be inclusive of necessary hardware, 140 high D shaped Hetitch handle code no. 011869 lock sets, self closing hinges, spring loaded shutter, latch inside, all cabinet hardware to beHETTITCH or equivalent complete as per Architects approval.. 5 WORKING COUNTER- Providing and fixing in position fixed work counter made of 25mm thick HPL post form lam inated top with key board tray and 3 drawer mobile pedestal unit and every 1200 length of the work counter over head storage unit and pin up board including all glues, nails, sliding channel, bracket for support fixed to portition, hinges, 140 high D shaped Hetitch handle code no 011869, multipurpose locks, wire manager etc. complete as per design and drawing. 6 OVERHEAD STORAGE UNITS Providing and fixing 350 deep & 600 high Overhead Storage Units at constructed from best quality bwp comm. board shutters to have 1mm thick laminate outside & counter laminated on inside. inhering partitions & shelves also to be laminated.Hardware140mm high D shaped Hetitch handle code no 011869, Lock sets, self-closing hinges, spring loaded shutter latch inside, all cabinet hardware to be of Hetitch make as approved by the Architect. hit FOR BUILT-IN FURNITURE (RUPEES) D. LOOSE FURNITURE Fabricating supplying and placing in position various types of furniture made of Ist cla ss white beech wood, commercial/BWP ply/ board 4. 0mm thick steam beech veneer, 1. mm thick laminate, brushed steel sheet, internal hardwood framing all necessary hard ware like nails, screws, magnetic catchers, hinges, handles, knobs etc. complete as per design and drawing. 1 RECEPTION tabulate SIZE (2400X700X1190high) - Made of corian panel, corian counter top and laminate on under side of the top and on inner side of the panel, 3 drawer pedestal unit with SS legs 140 high D shaped Hetitch handle code no. 011869 made as as per deign and drawing. (BR of Corian to be taken as Rs 750/sft) 2 GUARD TABLE AT LOBBY- TABLE SIZE (900X600X1000high) Combination of laminated commercial and duco painted MDF in Z shape as per approval. 3 coming upon ROOM CREDENZA- Fabricating supplying and placing in position meeting room credenza of size 1500x400x750 high made of 32mm thick laminated finished top with PVC edge banding laminate shutter, adjusable shelves, all internal sur faces to be laminated supported on SS base 140 high D shaped Hetitch handle code no. 011869, locks etc complete as per design and drawing 4 Providing and fixing of BROCHURE RACK of size 1500 & 100deep at top and 250 dep at bottom made as per design and drawing. No 5 COMPANY LOGO-Providing and fixing company logo (Nokia Siemens Networks) in 8mm thick acrylic sheet pasted with digitally printed graphic film. Complete as per Architects approval. 6 PICTOGRAMS (SS Door Signages) Providing and fixing Stainless Steel Finish pictograms over doors, walls with double solid with 3M tape & images/ letters with silk screen printing technology over all size of pictogram to be 148x147mm (To be got executed by Millennium Business Associates) 7 FOLIO (SS Name Plate)- Providing and fixing folio with size of 200x45mm brushed SS sheet stuck to surface with 3M double sided tape, letters in black coloured etching embossing fonts as approved. (To be got executed by Millennium Busines s Associates) 8 FLOOR MATS - Providing and fixing 3M Brand Nomad mat 7150 poly vinyl coil loop design with vinyl foam backing made as per manufacturers specification. 9 WHITE BOARD - Providing and fixing white magnetic board of Alkosign display system (Alkosign ) on wall and fixed with all necessary arrangement as per manufacturers specifications etc. complete. * 10501200 * 1200 x 1200 * 1800 x 1200 10 ALUMINIUM/PENCIL TRAY FOR MARKER BOARD-Providing and fixing aluminium tray below white grade board for keeping accessories. 11 SLOTTED ANGLE RACK- Fabricating, supplying and placing slotted angle rack of size 900wx2100hx600deep made as per manufacturers specification. 12 TACK BOARD - Providing and fixing pin-up board made of 12mm thick cellotex / jelly board fixed with kail wood frame work and 6 mm thick commercial ply backing covered with fabric fixed to wall with screws surrounded with fabric steam beech wood lipping with melamine polishing etc. complet e as per design and drawing. (Basic rate of fabric to be taken as Rs. 250/meter) 13 TV BRACKET -Providing and fixing TV bracket for wall mounting 29 Television set. 14 TOILET MIRROR-Providing and fixing 12mm thick tempered float glass pasted with 3M film (crystal quality) as approved by the architect and mounted on four numbers 19mm dia brushed SS studs, complete as per design and drawing. 15 SS TRASH BIN-Supplying and placing in position SS frill bin 500 dia and 800 high as per Architects approval. 16 DLINE MAKE TOILET ACCESSORIES Providing and fixing the following fixtures of Dline make SS brushed finish. * Bottle opener (Item code 14. 7071. 02. 000) * SS coat hooks * Toilet paper holder Soap dispenser (Item code 14. 7045. 02. 002) * Mini Waste paper basket 14. 7097. 02. 000 * Waste paper basket 14. 7085. 02. 201 * Wall mounted paper towel dispenser * Supply of Dline satin stainless steel 316 grade grab bar. 14. 4614. 02. 300 14. 4963. 02. 21 17 TOIL ET ACCESSORIES Providing and fixing the following fixtures of Kimberly Clark/ Dream trick make or equivalent make * Bottle opener * SS coat hooks * Toilet paper holder * Soap dispenser (Kimberly clark make) * Soap dispenser (BOB BRICK make in brushed finish Code B-4112 26GB) * Mini Waste paper basket (WC) * Waste paper basket * Push Bin (Code SE 4020T) * Wall mounted paper towel dispenser * Providing and fixing grab bar 600mm c. p. wall flange at end of bars with heavy duty anchor fastner & accessories. (FOR HANDICAP TOILETS ONLY). 18 FLOOR DIRECTORY Providing and fixing wall mounted floor directory with slk screen printing text of approved colour and consisting of the following plates * 1) 1 Nos, 4mm thick aluminum plates painted in dark Grey in colour of over all size 300x55mm. * 2) 8Nos, SS 316 grade plates of 2mm thick with over all size 300x30mm. 19 passageway PROFILE- P/F transiction profile of SS L-section 6mm thk between two different flooring m aterials 20 URINAL PARTITION-Providing and fixing of urinal partition in 12mm thick toughened glass with frosted film fixed with SS bracket as per design and drawing. 21 Wash basin with water sancer 22 American satndard WC 23 quantify & sanitary work 24 SOFA in reception area (images of proposed sofa to be submitted along with the quote) 25 Sofa chairs for pantry / breakout (images of proposed sofa chairs to be submitted along with the quote) 26 Tables for pantry / breakout (images of proposed sofa chairs to be submitted along with the quote) 27 Tables for reception sofa (images of proposed sofa chairs to be submitted along with the quote) TOTAL FOR LOOSE FURNITURE (RUPEES) E. FINISHES 1 PLASTIC EMULSION PAINT (ICI Dulux make) on walls and gypboard/POP ceiling including surface preparation, primer coats, leveling patti and minimum 3 coats of brush and roller finish. 2 PASTEL COLOUR- Extra over Item No-1 of plastic emulsion paint but for pastel colour. 3 OIL bouncing DISTEMPER (O. B. D) - Providing and applying O. B.D paint of desired colour finish or equal including necessary base work, preparatory work. 4 PROVIDING AND FIXING SILICONE SEALANT around all toilet fixtures including urinals, WCs & wash basins etc. 5 TEXTURE PAINT-providing and applying texture paint on wall of approved brand and manufacturer after scrapping, having the existing finish and applying primer coat. 6 ARMOUR COAT PAINT- Providing and applying polished platser of Armourcoat or equivalent as of approved colour on wall/ Ply surface including surface preparation primer coat as per manufacturers specification. BR to be taken as Rs 160/sft) F. SUPPORT SERVICES 1 Support services to modular furniture, Carpet vendor, chair supplier, and other furniture suppliers including taking delivery of consignments brought to site,safe storage, removing wrapping, moving and placing them at proper locations prior to final hand over. Coordination and assistan ce to fire detection / supression and security systems vendor for their scope of work G. Sprinkler works (including testing and commisioning) C. I butterfly valve of approved make,with nuts, bolts, gaskets, flanges, coupler etc. complete as specified. Flap Type Non Return Valve G I. C Class pipes as per IS 1239 with Flanged , Screwed or welded joints with necessary Specials, clamped to wall, beams or ceilings as per specifications with approved anchor fastners MS brackets,testing to 13. 5 Kg/Sq. cm hydraulic pressure after installation, and painting two coats of enamel paint of approved colour over two coats of primer. Conventional Sprinkler (pendant / upright) quartzoid electric light type with 15mm screwed end connection of 68 deg. C. temperature rating,K 80 and orifice shall not be less than 6mm. Sprinklers shall be UL Listed / FM approved with Chrome finished. Rosette plate (Recessed type, in two piece) for Sprinklers below false ceiling area. ) Same should be fabricated by M. S. plate of 2mm thick and the finish shall be powder coated and color shall be as approved by architects / clients. SPECIFICATION FOR CARPET SN DESCRIPTION SUPPLY & LAYING OF CARPET AS PER THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION Threads Specifications 1 Fibre 100% Nylon 2 Yarn weight 20 oz 3 Backing Non PVC 4 Density Greater than 4500 5 Gauge 1/10 Make Shaw / interface / Milliken / Tandus / Bonar floor Specifications- MEP WORKS Sr. No Particulars SUMMARY A M. V. SWITCHGEAR B M